Environmental DNA as Early Warning for Alien Species in Mediterranean Coastal Lagoons: Implications for Conservation and Management

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI:10.3390/d16090525
Francesco Zangaro, Maurizio Pinna, Valeria Specchia
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Abstract

Non-indigenous species (NIS) introduction notoriously threatens the Mediterranean Sea. In addition, Mediterranean coastal lagoons play a crucial role as nurseries for marine species, which new NIS arrivals can threaten. Therefore, monitoring and early warning of NIS presence is essential in preserving biodiversity. An innovative technique for rapid and accurate species identification and biodiversity screening is the application of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. In this research, different Penaeidae (Arthropoda, Crustacea, Decapoda) NIS specimens were collected from a Mediterranean coastal lagoon after an early warning about a potentially invasive NIS arising from next-generation sequencing data. DNA barcoding of the DNA extracted from tissue samples and amplified with specifically designed primer pairs led to the recognition of Penaeus aztecus in this NATURA 2000 protected ecosystem for the first time. DNA barcoding from DNA isolated from the water where the living specimens were stored further validated the possibility of identifying P. aztecus starting from eDNA. This approach demonstrated the validity of environmental DNA analysis in the early screening of potentially invasive NIS presence in Mediterranean protected areas and ecosystems. This work describes an applicative example of the efficacy in improving the biomonitoring of lagoon ecosystems using molecular tools and it represents a guideline for the validation of eDNA metabarcoding data for the presence of potentially invasive species.
环境 DNA 作为地中海沿海泻湖外来物种的早期预警:对保护和管理的影响
非本地物种(NIS)的引入对地中海造成了严重威胁。此外,地中海沿岸泻湖作为海洋物种的哺育地发挥着至关重要的作用,而新的 NIS 的到来可能会威胁到这些物种。因此,监测和预警 NIS 的存在对保护生物多样性至关重要。应用环境 DNA(eDNA)代谢编码是快速准确识别物种和筛选生物多样性的一项创新技术。在这项研究中,在下一代测序数据发出潜在入侵 NIS 的预警后,从地中海沿岸泻湖采集了不同的 Penaeidae(节肢动物门、甲壳动物门、十足目)NIS 标本。从组织样本中提取的 DNA 经专门设计的引物对扩增后进行 DNA 条形编码,首次在该 NATURA 2000 保护生态系统中识别出 Penaeus aztecus。从存放活体标本的水中分离出的 DNA 条形码进一步验证了从 eDNA 开始识别 P. aztecus 的可能性。这种方法证明了环境 DNA 分析在早期筛选地中海保护区和生态系统中可能存在的入侵 NIS 方面的有效性。这项工作描述了利用分子工具改进泻湖生态系统生物监测的一个应用实例,为验证 eDNA 代谢编码数据是否存在潜在入侵物种提供了指导。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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