Analysis of the Raccoon (Procyon lotor) and Common Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) Spatiotemporal Changes Based on Hunting Bag Data in Hungary

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI:10.3390/d16090532
Gergely Schally, Hanna Bijl, Bhraaz Kashyap, Mihály Márton, Szilvia Bőti, Krisztián Katona, Zsolt Biró, Miklós Heltai, Sándor Csányi
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Abstract

Sustainable wildlife management requires reliable data on population, habitat, and the interaction between them. Since 1993, Hungary has maintained the National Game Management Database, which collects data on game populations and hunting bags annually. During the last three decades, populations of medium-sized predators have remarkably increased in the country. Our study analyzed changes in hunting bag data and spatial distribution of two invasive alien species, the raccoon (Procyon lotor) and the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), utilizing annual game management reports from Game Management Units from 1997 to 2021. For spatial analysis, we employed a UTM grid system (10 × 10 km) covering the country. Our findings confirmed increasing trends in the hunting bag and area (number of grid cells) containing hunting bags for both species. From the first (1997–2001) to the last (2017–2021) period, the average annual hunting bag increased (raccoon: 0.40 → 11.00 ind/year; raccoon dog: 3.40 → 8.00 ind/year), and the average number of cells with hunting bags also expanded significantly (raccoon: 2.00 → 9.60 UTM cells/year; raccoon dog: 5.80 → 15.20 UTM cells/year). These trends and the size of potentially suitable habitats suggest a further spread and population increase, posing challenges for nature conservationists and wildlife managers.
基于狩猎袋数据的匈牙利浣熊(Procyon lotor)和普通浣熊犬(Nyctereutes procyonoides)时空变化分析
可持续的野生动物管理需要有关数量、栖息地以及它们之间相互作用的可靠数据。自 1993 年以来,匈牙利一直在维护国家狩猎管理数据库,每年收集有关狩猎数量和狩猎袋的数据。在过去的三十年里,匈牙利中型食肉动物的数量显著增加。我们的研究利用狩猎管理单位从 1997 年到 2021 年的年度狩猎管理报告,分析了浣熊(Procyon lotor)和浣熊犬(Nyctereutes procyonoides)这两种外来入侵物种的狩猎袋数据和空间分布变化。在空间分析方面,我们采用了覆盖全国的 UTM 网格系统(10 × 10 km)。我们的研究结果证实,这两个物种的狩猎袋和包含狩猎袋的区域(网格单元数)都呈上升趋势。从第一个时期(1997-2001 年)到最后一个时期(2017-2021 年),年平均狩猎袋数有所增加(浣熊:0.40 → 11.00 ind/年;浣熊犬:3.40 → 8.00 ind/年),装有狩猎袋的单元格平均数也显著增加(浣熊:2.00 → 9.60 UTM 单元格/年;浣熊犬:5.80 → 15.20 UTM 单元格/年):5.80 → 15.20 UTM 小区/年)。这些趋势和潜在适宜栖息地的面积表明,浣熊的分布和数量还会进一步增加,这给自然保护主义者和野生动物管理者带来了挑战。
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