Temporal Changes in Bank Vole Populations Indicate Species Decline

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI:10.3390/d16090546
Linas Balčiauskas, Marius Jasiulionis, Vitalijus Stirkė, Laima Balčiauskienė
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Abstract

Because of their wide distribution, short life cycle, rapid reproduction, and sensitivity to the environment, rodents can indicate changes in habitat quality and climate variables. Long-term studies are needed to verify these changes and assumptions about their causes. We analyzed small mammal trapping data in Lithuania, covering the period 1975–2023, with 1821 trapping sites and 57,426 small mammal individuals, with a focus on the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). The aim of this study was to assess temporal changes in the relative abundance and proportion of this species in small mammal communities in relation to their habitats. With 21,736 captured individuals, C. glareolus was a dominant species in the country; its proportion in general was 37.9%, with 60.0% in forests. Open habitats, meadows and agricultural land were characterized by the lowest species proportions. Our main findings were the confirmation of decreasing abundances and proportions of C. glareolus since the 1990s, the absence of cyclical fluctuations in the relative abundances of the species in general and in forest habitats, and the introduction of a south–north cline in species proportions. The status of this temperate and boreal forest species is subject to change, with implications for the diversity of the mid-latitude small mammal community.
岸田鼠种群数量的时间变化表明物种减少
由于啮齿动物分布广泛、生命周期短、繁殖迅速且对环境敏感,因此它们可以显示栖息地质量和气候变量的变化。需要进行长期研究来验证这些变化及其原因假设。我们分析了立陶宛 1975-2023 年期间的小型哺乳动物诱捕数据,包括 1821 个诱捕点和 57,426 只小型哺乳动物个体,重点是岸田鼠(Clethrionomys glareolus)。这项研究的目的是评估该物种在小型哺乳动物群落中的相对数量和比例与其栖息地之间的时间变化。通过捕获的 21 736 个个体,C. glareolus 成为该国的优势物种;其总体比例为 37.9%,其中森林中的比例为 60.0%。开阔生境、草地和农田中的物种比例最低。我们的主要研究结果证实,自 20 世纪 90 年代以来,C. glareolus 的丰度和比例不断下降,该物种的总体相对丰度和在森林栖息地的相对丰度没有周期性波动,物种比例呈现出南北走向。这种温带和北方森林物种的地位可能会发生变化,从而对中纬度小型哺乳动物群落的多样性产生影响。
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