The Effects of Light Environment on Adult Odonate Communities in Disturbed and Intact Forest: The Importance of Small-Scale Effects

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI:10.3390/d16090557
Wade B. Worthen, Meyer Guevara-Mora
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Abstract

Deforestation in the tropics causes shifts in adult odonate community structure, from forests dominated by thermoconforming zygopteran specialists to open areas with higher representations of heliothermic anisopterans. We tested for these shifts in the Maquina and Cuecha rivers in Monteverde, Costa Rica. We compared adult odonate communities in 100 m plots (subdivided into twenty 5 m subplots) located in disturbed, partially open areas with those in 100 m plots located in intact forest and used general linear models to describe how odonate abundance, species richness, species diversity, and the Anisoptera/Zygoptera ratio varied among plots, subplots, habitat type (disturbed/forested), rivers, and as functions of percent canopy cover and light levels. Plots varied in light levels and percent canopy cover, but there were no significant differences in species richness or diversity. Community composition, however, varied across plots and subplots in NMDS and PERMANOVA analyses, largely as a consequence of the preference of Hetaerina cruentata and Paltothemis lineatipes for high light subplots and H. majuscula for low light subplots. NMDS axes were significantly correlated with percent canopy cover and light level in subplots, and the Anisoptera/Zygoptera ratio correlated with NMDS axes at both the plot and subplot scales, indicating that the relative abundance of anisopterans did increase with increasing light and decreasing canopy cover. Differences among plots and habitats can largely be attributed to species-specific differences in habitat selection at a small spatial scale, causing predicted shifts in the Anisoptera/Zygoptera ratio as dominance shifts from endemic forest species to wide-ranging generalists. This is one of the first studies that confirms these patterns for a cloud forest community.
光环境对受干扰森林和完整森林中成年鸟类群落的影响:小规模效应的重要性
热带地区的森林砍伐会导致成虫群落结构发生变化,从以热型颧蝶类专家为主的森林转变为日温型无尾类代表较多的开阔地区。我们在哥斯达黎加蒙特维德的马基纳河(Maquina)和库查河(Cuecha)测试了这些变化。我们比较了位于受干扰、部分开阔地区的 100 米地块(细分为 20 个 5 米子地块)与位于完整森林的 100 米地块中的成体蝶类群落,并使用一般线性模型描述了蝶类丰度、物种丰富度、物种多样性以及鞘翅目/颧翅目比例在不同地块、子地块、栖息地类型(受干扰/森林)、河流之间的变化,以及与冠层覆盖率和光照度的函数关系。不同地块的光照度和冠层覆盖率不同,但物种丰富度和多样性没有显著差异。然而,在 NMDS 和 PERMANOVA 分析中,群落组成在不同地块和子地块之间存在差异,这主要是由于 Hetaerina cruentata 和 Paltothemis lineatipes 喜欢高光照子地块,而 H. majuscula 喜欢低光照子地块。在小区和小区尺度上,鞘翅目/颧翅目比例与 NMDS 轴显著相关,表明鞘翅目昆虫的相对丰度确实随着光照的增加和树冠覆盖度的降低而增加。地块和栖息地之间的差异在很大程度上可归因于物种在小空间尺度上对栖息地选择的特异性差异,这导致了鞘翅目/颧翅目比例的预测变化,因为优势物种从特有的森林物种转移到了广泛分布的普通物种。这是首次在云林群落中证实这些模式的研究之一。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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