Phylogeography of Coccoloba uvifera (Polygonaceae) Sampled across the Caribbean Basin

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-09-08 DOI:10.3390/d16090562
Danny J. Gustafson, Logan A. Dix, Derek P. Webster, Benjamin K. Scott, Isabella E. Gustafson, Aidan D. Farrell, Daniel M. Koenemann
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Abstract

Coccoloba uvifera L. (seagrape) is a primarily dioecious neotropical tree species which often grows in the beach–forest transitional ecotone of coastal strand vegetation. We used five maternally inherited non-coding chloroplast regions to characterize the phytogeography of C. uvifera collected across the Caribbean Basin and Florida. Bayesian analysis revealed divergence between the Aruba–Trinidad–Tobago–Antigua–Jamaica island group and the continental Belize–Florida–US Virgin Islands (USVI) group at 1.78 million years before present (mybp), divergence between the Belize and Florida–USVI groups at 1.08 mybp, and a split of Antigua–Jamaica from Aruba–Trinidad–Tobago at 0.217 mybp. Haplotype network analysis supports the three clades, with the island group possessing the oldest haplotype. Based on geology and proximity, these clades correspond to South American (oldest), Central American, and North American (most recent). Coccoloba uvifera demographic expansion occurred during the Pleistocene epoch and peaked near the end of the last glacial maximum (ca. 0.026–0.019 mybp) when the global sea levels were 125 m lower than today. Our findings also reveal that tropical cyclones, which often impact coastal strand vegetation, did not affect genetic diversity. However, there was a positive association between latitude and the average number of substitutions, further enriching our understanding of the species’ phytogeography.
加勒比海盆地采样的 Coccoloba uvifera(蓼科)的系统地理学
Coccoloba uvifera L.(海葡萄)是一种主要雌雄异株的新热带树种,通常生长在海岸带植被的海滩-森林过渡生态区。我们利用五个母系遗传的非编码叶绿体区域来描述在加勒比海盆地和佛罗里达州采集的 C. uvifera 的植物地理学特征。贝叶斯分析显示,阿鲁巴-特立尼达-多巴哥-安提瓜-牙买加岛群与伯利兹-佛罗里达-美属维尔京群岛(USVI)大陆群之间的分化发生在距今 178 万年前(mybp),伯利兹岛群与佛罗里达-USVI 岛群之间的分化发生在距今 108 万年前(mybp),安提瓜-牙买加岛群与阿鲁巴-特立尼达-多巴哥岛群的分化发生在距今 217 万年前(mybp)。单倍型网络分析支持这三个支系,其中岛屿组拥有最古老的单倍型。根据地质学和邻近性,这些支系分别对应于南美洲(最古老)、中美洲和北美洲(最近)。Coccoloba uvifera的种群扩张发生在更新世时期,并在上一个冰川最大期(约0.026-0.019 mybp)结束时达到顶峰,当时全球海平面比现在低125米。我们的研究结果还表明,热带气旋经常影响海岸带植被,但并不影响遗传多样性。然而,纬度与平均替换数之间存在正相关,这进一步丰富了我们对该物种植物地理学的了解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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