The only terrestrial lineage in the Branchiopoda redefined: a new species of Bryospilus Frey, 1980 (Cladocera: Anomopoda) from India and adaptations of waterfleas to life on land

IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
Kay Van Damme, Sameer M Padhye
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Only a small proportion of the world’s crustacean taxa is adapted to limno-terrestrial microhabitats that are disconnected from conventional surface waterbodies. In rare occasions, water films on terrestrial tropical and subtropical vegetation may also harbour specialised cladocerans. Bryospilus Frey, 1980 (Chydoridae) is the only genus within the class Branchiopoda that is specialised to living almost exclusively in water-saturated terrestrial moss patches, leaf litter, and phytotelms. The remarkable waterflea lineage, which has a suite of highly unusual characters within the family, has been found in terrestrial habitats in rainforests of West Africa, South and Central America, and New Zealand. We discovered a new moss-inhabiting chydorid from western India, Bryospilus (Indobryospilus) bharaticusn. sp., the first representative of the genus from the Oriental Region. Its morphology and behaviour are highly unusual for a species of Bryospilus. In comparison to its congeners, the new species can swim and it has significantly less oligomerisation, with three terminal setae on the antennal endopod instead of two and seven exopod setae on the third limb instead of six, among other features. We define a new subgenus Indobryospilusnov. and we amend the genus Bryospilus. The new species is a living evolutionary connection, characterised by a phenotype which provides us with new clues about evolutionary transitions in the only terrestrial branchiopod genus. Our results are informative beyond Cladocera, as the morphology of this species provides insights about the evolution and parallelisms of aquatic crustaceans that have specialised in limno-terrestrial habitats. We revisit the morphology of the genus, the disjunct biogeographical pattern with a potential ancient signature, and discuss the functional adaptations of these cladocerans to life on land, as well as convergences with subterranean lineages. A new key to the world species of Bryospilus species is included.
重新定义蝶形目中唯一的陆生品系:印度的一个新物种 Bryospilus Frey, 1980 (Cladocera: Anomopoda) 以及水蚤对陆地生活的适应性
在世界甲壳动物分类群中,只有一小部分适应与传统地表水体断开的陆地微生境。在极少数情况下,热带和亚热带陆地植被上的水膜也可能蕴藏着专门的甲壳动物。Bryospilus Frey,1980 年(水蚤科)是仅有的一个专门生活在水饱和陆生苔藓斑块、落叶层和植被中的支脚类。在西非、南美洲、中美洲和新西兰的热带雨林的陆地栖息地中,发现了在该科中具有一系列非常不寻常特征的非凡的水蚤品系。我们在印度西部发现了一种栖息于苔藓中的新水螅虫--Bryospilus (Indobryospilus) bharaticusn.它的形态和行为对于 Bryospilus 的一个物种来说非常不寻常。与同属种相比,该新种可以游泳,而且寡聚化程度明显降低,触角内足的末端刚毛由两根变为三根,第三肢的外足刚毛由六根变为七根,等等。我们定义了一个新的亚属 Indobryospilusnov.,并修正了 Bryospilus 属。该新物种是一个活生生的进化联系,其表型特征为我们提供了有关唯一陆生枝足类属进化转变的新线索。我们的研究结果不仅对栉孔类动物具有参考价值,而且该物种的形态也为我们提供了有关水生甲壳类动物进化的见解,并与专门从事陆生边缘栖息地的水生甲壳类动物相似。我们重新审视了该属的形态、具有潜在远古特征的脱节生物地理格局,并讨论了这些甲壳动物对陆地生活的功能适应以及与地下品系的趋同。该研究还包括一个新的 Bryospilus 世界物种检索表。
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来源期刊
Journal of Crustacean Biology
Journal of Crustacean Biology 生物-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
2.10
自引率
9.10%
发文量
66
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Crustacean Biology is the official journal of The Crustacean Society, publishing peer-reviewed research on all aspects of crustacean biology and other marine arthropods. Papers are published in English only, but abstracts or summaries in French, German, Portuguese, or Spanish may be added when appropriate.
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