{"title":"Ground surface displacements and stress localization driven by dual magma chamber dynamics: analytical and numerical model estimates","authors":"Pallab Jyoti Hazarika, Ritabrata Dasgupta, Amiya Baruah, Nibir Mandal","doi":"10.1007/s00531-024-02446-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>In volcanic belts, magma influx into magma chambers generates excess pressure, amplifying the initial stress field to cause crustal deformation with significant ground displacements, which manifests in topographic relief. Quantifying such volcano-driven ground surface displacements is a fundamental requirement to embark on a criticality analysis of volcanotectonic events and associated hazard monitoring strategies. This study theoretically examines the underlying dynamics of surface displacements in a volcanic plumbing system comprising multiple magma chambers. The classical Mogi equation is extended to derive a set of analytical solutions to evaluate surface displacements as a function of separations between two off-axis chambers, measured along both horizontal and vertical directions. The resulting surface displacement plots, from the analytical solutions are compared with those calculated from a set of finite element (FE) model simulations run with the same parameters considered for the analytical formulations. Both the analytical and FE results suggest that horizontal (<i>S</i><sub><i>h</i></sub>) and vertical (<i>S</i><sub><i>v</i></sub>) separations of magma chambers largely control the vertical (<i>U</i><sub><i>z</i></sub>) and lateral (<i>U</i><sub><i>r</i></sub>) ground-displacement components. Spatially varying <i>U</i><sub><i>z</i></sub> attains its peak value at a specific location above the chambers, but increasing horizontal separation (<i>S</i><sub><i>h</i></sub> ~ 10 km) transforms the single-peak <i>U</i><sub><i>z</i></sub> pattern to a weakly developed double-peak <i>U</i><sub><i>z</i></sub> pattern, which eventually give way to two prominent high-amplitude peaks above the chambers when <i>S</i><sub><i>h</i></sub> ~ 25 km. Similarly, a large vertical separation (<i>S</i><sub><i>v</i></sub> ~ 6 km) yields double peaks in the <i>U</i><sub><i>z</i></sub> profile, which merge to form a single peak for small <i>S</i><sub><i>v</i></sub> (~ 1.5 km). The FE model results are used to map the stress fields around the two magma chambers to show that inter-chamber mechanical interaction can influence the deformation behaviour around the chambers, depending on <i>S</i><sub><i>h</i></sub> and <i>S</i><sub><i>v</i></sub> magnitudes. Finally, the model estimates are evaluated using available reports on the naturally occurring volcanoes: Teide volcano (Tenerife, Spain) and Long Valley Caldera (USA).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\n","PeriodicalId":13845,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Earth Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-024-02446-2","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In volcanic belts, magma influx into magma chambers generates excess pressure, amplifying the initial stress field to cause crustal deformation with significant ground displacements, which manifests in topographic relief. Quantifying such volcano-driven ground surface displacements is a fundamental requirement to embark on a criticality analysis of volcanotectonic events and associated hazard monitoring strategies. This study theoretically examines the underlying dynamics of surface displacements in a volcanic plumbing system comprising multiple magma chambers. The classical Mogi equation is extended to derive a set of analytical solutions to evaluate surface displacements as a function of separations between two off-axis chambers, measured along both horizontal and vertical directions. The resulting surface displacement plots, from the analytical solutions are compared with those calculated from a set of finite element (FE) model simulations run with the same parameters considered for the analytical formulations. Both the analytical and FE results suggest that horizontal (Sh) and vertical (Sv) separations of magma chambers largely control the vertical (Uz) and lateral (Ur) ground-displacement components. Spatially varying Uz attains its peak value at a specific location above the chambers, but increasing horizontal separation (Sh ~ 10 km) transforms the single-peak Uz pattern to a weakly developed double-peak Uz pattern, which eventually give way to two prominent high-amplitude peaks above the chambers when Sh ~ 25 km. Similarly, a large vertical separation (Sv ~ 6 km) yields double peaks in the Uz profile, which merge to form a single peak for small Sv (~ 1.5 km). The FE model results are used to map the stress fields around the two magma chambers to show that inter-chamber mechanical interaction can influence the deformation behaviour around the chambers, depending on Sh and Sv magnitudes. Finally, the model estimates are evaluated using available reports on the naturally occurring volcanoes: Teide volcano (Tenerife, Spain) and Long Valley Caldera (USA).
期刊介绍:
The International Journal of Earth Sciences publishes process-oriented original and review papers on the history of the earth, including
- Dynamics of the lithosphere
- Tectonics and volcanology
- Sedimentology
- Evolution of life
- Marine and continental ecosystems
- Global dynamics of physicochemical cycles
- Mineral deposits and hydrocarbons
- Surface processes.