Petrogenesis and geochemical evolution of Chole basalts, Southeastern Ethiopian Plateau

IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Andualem Getaw, Dereje Ayalew, Karen Fontijn, Tenaw Mengistie
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Abstract

This study presents the trace element geochemistry of an 851-m thick basaltic succession from the central part of the southeastern Ethiopian plateau (Chole section) to assess the petrogenesis and temporal geochemical evolution of the Chole basalts. The composition of trace and major elements in the Chole section varied temporally, and three distinct magma types were identified; lower, middle, and upper basalts. The lower and middle basalts are highly enriched in incompatible trace elements with strong positive Nb and negative K anomalies in the primitive-mantle-normalized multi-elemental variation diagram. Both exhibit similar middle to heavy rare earth element fractionation patterns. However, the middle basalt shows distinctive negative U, Th, and positive Ba anomalies, with higher Ba/Th, Ba/Nb ratios, and more pronounced light-to-heavy rare earth element fractionation, suggesting varying degrees of mantle metasomatism and partial melting in the lithospheric mantle. The trace element signatures indicate that these basalts originated from the melting of garnet-bearing lithospheric mantle mixed with rising plume component. The upper basalt reveals two groups: the lower flows show moderate enrichment with a strong negative K anomaly, while the upper flows display highly enriched trace elements with crustal influence. Trace element signature in the uncontaminated upper basalt indicates partial melt contribution from the spinel-garnet transition zone of the depleted component, probably the melting of the sub-lithospheric mantle and hydrated lithospheric mantle or partial melting of the previously depleted part of the lithospheric mantle.

Graphical abstract

Abstract Image

埃塞俄比亚东南高原乔勒玄武岩的成岩作用和地球化学演化
本研究介绍了埃塞俄比亚东南高原中部厚达 851 米的玄武岩演替(Chole 段)的痕量元素地球化学,以评估 Chole 玄武岩的成岩过程和时间地球化学演化。Chole 段的痕量元素和主要元素组成随时间而变化,并确定了三种不同的岩浆类型:下玄武岩、中玄武岩和上玄武岩。下玄武岩和中玄武岩高度富含不相容微量元素,在原始-岩幔-归一化多元素变化图中具有强烈的正铌和负钾异常。两者表现出类似的中重稀土元素分馏模式。然而,中层玄武岩显示出独特的负U、Th和正Ba异常,Ba/Th、Ba/Nb比值较高,轻重稀土元素分馏更为明显,表明存在不同程度的地幔变质作用和岩石圈地幔部分熔融作用。微量元素特征表明,这些玄武岩起源于含石榴石的岩石圈地幔与上升的羽流成分混合的熔融。上部玄武岩显示出两组:下部流体显示出中等程度的富集和强烈的负 K 异常,而上部流体则显示出受地壳影响的高度富集微量元素。未受污染的上部玄武岩中的微量元素特征表明,部分熔体来自贫化成分的尖晶石-石榴石过渡带,可能是岩石圈下地幔和水合岩石圈地幔的熔化,或者是岩石圈地幔先前贫化部分的部分熔化。
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来源期刊
International Journal of Earth Sciences
International Journal of Earth Sciences 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
4.30%
发文量
120
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Earth Sciences publishes process-oriented original and review papers on the history of the earth, including - Dynamics of the lithosphere - Tectonics and volcanology - Sedimentology - Evolution of life - Marine and continental ecosystems - Global dynamics of physicochemical cycles - Mineral deposits and hydrocarbons - Surface processes.
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