Hepatocyte MMP14 mediates liver and inter-organ inflammatory responses to diet-induced liver injury

Abstract

The matrix metalloproteinase MMP14 is a ubiquitously expressed, membrane-bound, secreted endopeptidase that proteolyzes substrates to regulate development, signaling, and metabolism. However, the spatial and contextual events inciting MMP14 activation, and its metabolic sequelae are not fully understood. Here, we introduce an inducible, hepatocyte-specific MMP14-deficient model (MMP14LKO mice) to elucidate cell-intrinsic and systemic MMP14 function. We show that hepatocyte MMP14 mediates diet-induced body-weight gain, peripheral adiposity, and impaired glucose homeostasis, and drives diet-induced liver TG accumulation, and induction of hepatic inflammatory and fibrotic gene expression. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed that hepatocyte MMP14 mediates Kupffer and T cell accumulation and promotes diet-induced hepatocellular sub-population shifts toward protection against lipid absorption. MMP14 co-immunoprecipitation and proteomic analyses revealed MMP14 substrate binding across both inflammatory and cytokine signaling, as well as metabolic pathways. Strikingly, hepatocyte MMP14 loss-of-function suppressed skeletal muscle and adipose inflammation in vivo, and in a reductionist adipose-hepatocyte co-culture model. Finally, we reveal that trehalose-type glucose transporter inhibitors decrease hepatocyte MMP14 gene expression and nominate these inhibitors as translatable therapeutic metabolic agents. We conclude that hepatocyte MMP14 drives liver and inter-organ inflammatory and metabolic sequelae of obesigenic dietary insult. Modulating MMP14 activation and blockade thus represents a targetable node in the pathogenesis of hepatic inflammation.