Metal pollution in sediments along the Montenegrin coast, Adriatic Sea: a risk analysis

IF 2.8 3区农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Soils and Sediments Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI:10.1007/s11368-024-03899-3

Ana Perošević-Bajčeta, Rajko Martinović, Danijela Joksimović, Aleksandra Huter, Neda Bošković

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Abstract

Purpose

The study aims to assess the ecological risks posed by metal contamination in Montenegrin marine sediments, focusing on both Boka Kotorska Bay and the coastal part of the open sea. By analyzing metal concentrations and identifying potential pollution hotspots and sources, the research seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the escalating threats to coastal regions and their ecological implications due to anthropogenic activities.

Methods

Total concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, As, Hg, and Cd were determined in surface sediment samples collected from 10 sites along the Montenegrin coast, targeting areas influenced with different sources and levels of anthropogenic pollution. Statistical analysis was performed, and various pollution indices (contamination factor (C_f), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological risk factor (\({E}_{r}^{i})\), pollution load index (PLI), risk index (RI), mean ERM quotient (MERMQ), and toxic risk index (TRI)) were calculated to assess contamination status, severity of pollution, and potential ecological risks.

Results

The results showed varying levels of metals, with elevated concentrations of Fe, Mn, Ni, and Cr at location S10 (Ada Bojana), and higher Cu, Pb, Hg, and Zn levels at S5 (Bijela). C_f and Igeo values indicated mainly moderate to considerable pollution, with Pb concentrations of particular concern. Ecological risks were posed by Hg and, in some cases, Cd, while Ni concentrations presented the highest toxic risk to marine organisms according to TRI_i values. Overall, pollution was present in the entire area, with mainly moderate ecological risk according to RI values, but considerable to very high toxic risks highlighted by MERMQ and TRI values at various locations.

Conclusion

This study revealed overall pollution presence in surface sediments along the Montenegrin coast, predominantly associated with anthropogenic sources, thereby posing potential ecological risks, particularly in Boka Kotorska Bay and at S10 (Ada Bojana). The obtained results highlighted the need for continued monitoring and management strategies to mitigate environmental impacts.

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亚得里亚海黑山海岸沉积物中的金属污染：风险分析

目的这项研究旨在评估黑山海洋沉积物中的金属污染对生态造成的风险，重点是博卡科托尔斯卡湾和公海的沿海部分。通过分析金属浓度并确定潜在的污染热点和污染源，该研究旨在帮助人们更好地了解人类活动对沿海地区不断升级的威胁及其对生态的影响。方法从黑山沿海 10 个地点采集的表层沉积物样本中测定了铁、锰、铬、镍、锌、铜、铅、砷、汞和镉的总浓度，这些样本针对受到不同来源和不同程度人类活动污染影响的地区。进行了统计分析，并计算了各种污染指数（污染因子 (Cf)、地质累积指数 (Igeo)、潜在生态风险因子 (\({E}_{r}^{i})\)、污染负荷指数 (PLI)、风险指数 (RI)、平均 ERM 商数 (MERMQ) 和毒性风险指数 (TRI)），以评估污染状况、污染严重程度和潜在生态风险。结果结果显示金属含量各不相同，S10（Ada Bojana）处的铁、锰、镍和铬含量较高，而 S5（Bijela）处的铜、铅、汞和锌含量较高。Cf 和 Igeo 值主要显示中度至严重污染，其中铅的浓度尤其令人担忧。汞以及某些情况下的镉会对生态造成危害，而根据 TRIi 值，镍的浓度对海洋生物的毒性风险最高。总体而言，整个地区都存在污染，根据 RI 值，主要存在中度生态风险，但根据 MERMQ 和 TRI 值，不同地点的毒性风险相当高至非常高。所获结果突出表明，有必要继续监测并制定管理战略，以减轻对环境的影响。

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来源期刊

Journal of Soils and Sediments 环境科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

5.60%

发文量

256

审稿时长

3.5 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Soils and Sediments (JSS) is devoted to soils and sediments; it deals with contaminated, intact and disturbed soils and sediments. JSS explores both the common aspects and the differences between these two environmental compartments. Inter-linkages at the catchment scale and with the Earth’s system (inter-compartment) are an important topic in JSS. The range of research coverage includes the effects of disturbances and contamination; research, strategies and technologies for prediction, prevention, and protection; identification and characterization; treatment, remediation and reuse; risk assessment and management; creation and implementation of quality standards; international regulation and legislation.