Löb-Safe Logics for Reflective Agents

Abstract

Epistemic and doxastic logics are modal logics for knowledge and belief, and serve as foundational models for rational agents in game theory, philosophy, and computer science. We examine the consequences of modeling agents capable of a certain sort of reflection. Such agents face a formal difficulty due to L\"ob's Theorem, called L\"ob's Obstacle in the literature. We show how the most popular axiom schemes of epistemic and doxastic logics suffer from L\"ob's Obstacle, and present two axiom schemes that that avoid L\"ob's Obstacle, which we call Reasonable L\"ob-Safe Epistemic Doxastic logic (${LSED}^R$) and Justified L\"ob-Safe Epistemic Doxastic logic (${LSED}^J$).