{"title":"A critical interval in blastoid evolution: the respiratory transition and palaeogeographic dispersion of the spiraculate blastoids in the Devonian","authors":"Jan Bohatý, D. Bradford Macurda, Johnny A. Waters","doi":"10.1002/spp2.1584","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Blastoids underwent a revolution in respiration in the Devonian. Emsian blastoid faunas were dominated by fissiculates such as <jats:italic>Pentremitidea</jats:italic>, giving rise to a transitional spiraculate, <jats:italic>Conuloblastus</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Hyperoblastus</jats:italic> and a mosaic of spiraculates followed; they featured a more advanced respiratory system and were dominant until the Permian. This diversification occurred just prior to or during the Stony Point and Kačák Events, major ecological disruptions of marine ecosystems. Most new spiraculate blastoids were endemic and short lived, but <jats:italic>Hyperoblastus</jats:italic> survived the major extinction events, lasting into the Famennian. Material from Germany, Spain and North America enables us to trace the diversification of the spiraculates during the Devonian. We erect the new family Conuloblastidae, including <jats:italic>Hreggoblastus differentialis</jats:italic> gen. et sp. nov.; also <jats:italic>Altusoblastus</jats:italic> (type species <jats:italic>Pentatrematites eifeliensis</jats:italic>) with new species <jats:italic>A</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>eremitus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>palliolatus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A</jats:italic>. sp. 1 and <jats:italic>A</jats:italic>. sp. 2 in the Hyperoblastidae. <jats:italic>Pentremitidea roemeri</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Hyperoblastus schultzei</jats:italic> are assigned to <jats:italic>Altusoblastus</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Hyperoblastus batheri</jats:italic> is declared the type species of <jats:italic>Absensoblastus</jats:italic> gen. nov.; <jats:italic>H</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>ludwigi</jats:italic> sp. nov. is assigned to <jats:italic>Hyperoblastus</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Pentahedronoblastus</jats:italic> gen. nov. (type species <jats:italic>P</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>giesdorfensis</jats:italic> sp. nov.) is described. The fissiculate nymphaeoblastid genus <jats:italic>Pentremitella</jats:italic> (including <jats:italic>P. osoleae</jats:italic> and ?<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>. sp. 1) is redescibed. We recognize the eleutherozoic <jats:italic>Freisoblastus</jats:italic> gen. nov. (type species <jats:italic>F</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>hemisphaericus</jats:italic> sp. nov.), <jats:italic>Dissimiloblastus</jats:italic> gen. nov. (type species <jats:italic>D</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>inequalis</jats:italic> sp. nov.) and non‐eleutherozoic <jats:italic>Lotusoblastus</jats:italic> gen. nov. (type species <jats:italic>Pentremitidea medusa</jats:italic>) (order and family <jats:italic>incertae sedis</jats:italic>). We recognize 13 American species of <jats:italic>Hyperoblastus</jats:italic>.","PeriodicalId":48705,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Palaeontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Papers in Palaeontology","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1584","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PALEONTOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Blastoids underwent a revolution in respiration in the Devonian. Emsian blastoid faunas were dominated by fissiculates such as Pentremitidea, giving rise to a transitional spiraculate, Conuloblastus. Hyperoblastus and a mosaic of spiraculates followed; they featured a more advanced respiratory system and were dominant until the Permian. This diversification occurred just prior to or during the Stony Point and Kačák Events, major ecological disruptions of marine ecosystems. Most new spiraculate blastoids were endemic and short lived, but Hyperoblastus survived the major extinction events, lasting into the Famennian. Material from Germany, Spain and North America enables us to trace the diversification of the spiraculates during the Devonian. We erect the new family Conuloblastidae, including Hreggoblastus differentialis gen. et sp. nov.; also Altusoblastus (type species Pentatrematites eifeliensis) with new species A. eremitus, A. palliolatus, A. sp. 1 and A. sp. 2 in the Hyperoblastidae. Pentremitidea roemeri and Hyperoblastus schultzei are assigned to Altusoblastus. Hyperoblastus batheri is declared the type species of Absensoblastus gen. nov.; H. ludwigi sp. nov. is assigned to Hyperoblastus. Pentahedronoblastus gen. nov. (type species P. giesdorfensis sp. nov.) is described. The fissiculate nymphaeoblastid genus Pentremitella (including P. osoleae and ?P. sp. 1) is redescibed. We recognize the eleutherozoic Freisoblastus gen. nov. (type species F. hemisphaericus sp. nov.), Dissimiloblastus gen. nov. (type species D. inequalis sp. nov.) and non‐eleutherozoic Lotusoblastus gen. nov. (type species Pentremitidea medusa) (order and family incertae sedis). We recognize 13 American species of Hyperoblastus.
期刊介绍:
Papers in Palaeontology is the successor to Special Papers in Palaeontology and a journal of the Palaeontological Association (www.palass.org). The journal is devoted to the publication of papers that document the diversity of past life and its distribution in time and space.
Papers in Palaeontology is devoted to the publication of papers that document the diversity of past life and its distribution in time and space. As a sister publication to Palaeontology its focus is on descriptive research, including the descriptions of new taxa, systematic revisions of higher taxa, detailed biostratigraphical and biogeographical documentation, and descriptions of floras and faunas from specific localities or regions. Most contributions are expected to be less than 30 pp long but longer contributions will be considered if the material merits it, including single topic parts.
The journal publishes a wide variety of papers on palaeontological topics covering:
palaeozoology,
palaeobotany,
systematic studies,
palaeoecology,
micropalaeontology,
palaeobiogeography,
functional morphology,
stratigraphy,
taxonomy,
taphonomy,
palaeoenvironmental reconstruction,
palaeoclimate analysis,
biomineralization studies.