Illuminating the richness of the ascidian fossil record: a new exceptionally diverse assemblage of ascidian spicules from the Middle Miocene of Bosnia and Herzegovina

IF 2.3 2区 地球科学 Q1 PALEONTOLOGY
Magdalena Łukowiak, Oleg Mandic, Anna Omalecka, Mădălina‐Elena Kallanxhi, Stjepan Ćorić, Patrick Grunert
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Ascidians, or sea squirts, are sac‐like sessile tunicates commonly found in modern seas. Although the oldest ascidians, or at least ascidian‐like tunicates, are mid‐Cambrian in age, the quality of the ascidian fossil record is extraordinarily poor. It mostly consists of isolated finds or low‐diversity assemblages, often represented by mineral spicules. Our study reports the world's most diverse assemblage of ascidian spicules, originating from the Middle Miocene Bogutovo Selo near Ugljevik, Bosnia and Herzegovina. This material includes 31 spicule types, with four assignable to species (Lissoclinum cf. perforatum, Polysyncraton cf. bilobatum, Didemnum cf. vexillum and D. cf. leopardi) and 10 to genera, all belonging to aplousobranchiate ascidians. Comparing our findings with those of two other studies that use modern biological nomenclature, our assemblage shows a closer resemblance to the distant Eocene Australian assemblage than to the Miocene ascidians from Eastern Paratethys. This suggests the persistence of a once‐homogeneous and widely distributed Eocene fauna into the Miocene, while the Eastern Paratethyan basin developed an endemic fauna after the isolation of Eastern Paratethys from the open sea. Some taxa of our assemblage currently inhabit the Mediterranean Sea. The discovery of one species in distant South African waters suggests that tectonic and environmental changes during the Late Miocene, including the closure of the Gibraltar Strait and prior disconnection from the Indian Ocean, may have limited its survival to remote refugia. The study underscores the importance of including spicules in reconstructing ascidian faunas in the geological past, an area that has been surprisingly understudied.
说明腹足类化石记录的丰富性:来自波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那中新世的一个新的异常多样的腹足类孢囊集合体
海鞘是一种常见于现代海洋中的囊状无柄鳞茎类动物。虽然最古老的蛔虫,或至少是类似蛔虫的鳞茎类动物的年龄在寒武纪中期,但蛔虫化石记录的质量却非常差。化石记录大多由孤立的发现或低多样性的组合组成,通常以矿物棘片为代表。我们的研究报告了世界上种类最丰富的腹足类孢囊集合体,它们来自波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那乌格列维克附近的中新世博古托沃塞洛。这些材料包括 31 种类型的棘皮,其中 4 种属于种(Lissoclinum cf. perforatum、Polysyncraton cf. bilobatum、Didemnum cf. vexillum 和 D. cf. leopardi),10 种属于属,均属于有柱鳃纲腹足类。将我们的研究结果与另外两项使用现代生物命名法的研究结果相比较,我们的组合与遥远的始新世澳大利亚组合相比,与东帕拉泰西的中新世腹足类更为相似。这表明,在东帕拉泰西与公海隔绝之后,东帕拉泰西盆地形成了特有的动物群。我们的动物群中的一些类群目前栖息在地中海。在遥远的南非水域发现的一个物种表明,晚中新世期间的构造和环境变化,包括直布罗陀海峡的关闭和之前与印度洋的断开,可能限制了该物种在偏远的避难所的生存。这项研究强调了在重建地质过去的腹足类动物群时包括棘皮动物的重要性,而这一领域的研究之少令人惊讶。
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来源期刊
Papers in Palaeontology
Papers in Palaeontology PALEONTOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
4.30%
发文量
55
期刊介绍: Papers in Palaeontology is the successor to Special Papers in Palaeontology and a journal of the Palaeontological Association (www.palass.org). The journal is devoted to the publication of papers that document the diversity of past life and its distribution in time and space. Papers in Palaeontology is devoted to the publication of papers that document the diversity of past life and its distribution in time and space. As a sister publication to Palaeontology its focus is on descriptive research, including the descriptions of new taxa, systematic revisions of higher taxa, detailed biostratigraphical and biogeographical documentation, and descriptions of floras and faunas from specific localities or regions. Most contributions are expected to be less than 30 pp long but longer contributions will be considered if the material merits it, including single topic parts. The journal publishes a wide variety of papers on palaeontological topics covering: palaeozoology, palaeobotany, systematic studies, palaeoecology, micropalaeontology, palaeobiogeography, functional morphology, stratigraphy, taxonomy, taphonomy, palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, palaeoclimate analysis, biomineralization studies.
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