Pediatric Cold Agglutinin Syndrome in the Post-COVID19 Era

IF 0.9 4区 医学
Jared Durnford, Ming Wei Lee, Rajat Bhattacharyya, Prasad Iyer
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: This case series describes an increase in the incidence of cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS) in children in Singapore following relaxation of COVID-19-related non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs). Methods: Clinical data of patients diagnosed with CAS from November 2022 to October 2023 following the relaxation of NPIs in October 2022 were collected retrospectively. Data on the number of CAS cases diagnosed before the pandemic (2018–2019) and during the pandemic (January 2020-October 2022) were collected. Results: Thirteen patients were diagnosed with CAS from November 2022 to October 2023, as compared to zero cases diagnosed during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were also more cases than before the pandemic (one case in 2018 and three cases in 2019). The median age of the 13 patients was 4.6 years (range 1.8–12 years). The most commonly detected virus was rhinovirus/enterovirus (54%). Nine children required red cell transfusions. Five patients received corticosteroids. Conclusion: An increase in the number of pediatric CAS cases has been observed since the COVID-19 pandemic. This may be due to an overall increase in viral infections due to the immunity debt from COVID-19 related NPIs. Another possible explanation is the “hygienist theory, ” which postulates a causal relationship between the decline in infections and increase in immunological disorders.

后 COVID19 时代的小儿冷凝集素综合征
目的:本病例系列描述了新加坡儿童在放宽与 COVID-19 相关的非药物干预(NPI)后,冷凝集素综合征(CAS)发病率的增加情况。研究方法回顾性收集2022年10月放宽NPI后,2022年11月至2023年10月期间诊断为CAS患者的临床数据。收集了大流行前(2018-2019 年)和大流行期间(2020 年 1 月-2022 年 10 月)确诊的 CAS 病例数数据。结果:2022年11月至2023年10月期间,13名患者被确诊为CAS,而在COVID-19大流行期间确诊的病例为零。病例数也比大流行前多(2018 年 1 例,2019 年 3 例)。13 名患者的中位年龄为 4.6 岁(1.8-12 岁不等)。最常检测到的病毒是鼻病毒/肠病毒(54%)。九名患儿需要输注红细胞。五名患者接受了皮质类固醇激素治疗。结论自 COVID-19 大流行以来,儿童 CAS 病例数量有所增加。这可能是由于与 COVID-19 相关的非典型肺炎造成的免疫力下降导致病毒感染的总体增加。另一种可能的解释是 "卫生学家理论",该理论认为感染减少与免疫紊乱增加之间存在因果关系。
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来源期刊
自引率
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发文量
82
期刊介绍: Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion is a medium for propagating and exchanging ideas within the medical community. It publishes peer-reviewed articles on a variety of aspects of clinical hematology, laboratory hematology and hemato-oncology. The journal exists to encourage scientific investigation in the study of blood in health and in disease; to promote and foster the exchange and diffusion of knowledge relating to blood and blood-forming tissues; and to provide a forum for discussion of hematological subjects on a national scale. The Journal is the official publication of The Indian Society of Hematology & Blood Transfusion.
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