Comparing gas composition from fast pyrolysis of live foliage measured in bench-scale and fire-scale experiments

IF 2.9 3区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY
David R. Weise, Thomas H. Fletcher, Timothy J. Johnson, Wei Min Hao, Mark Dietenberger, Marko Princevac, Bret W. Butler, Sara S. McAllister, Joseph J. O’Brien, E. Louise Loudermilk, Roger D. Ottmar, Andrew T. Hudak, Akira Kato, Babak Shotorban, Shankar Mahalingam, Tanya L. Myers, Javier Palarea-Albaladejo, Stephen P. Baker
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Abstract

Background

Fire models have used pyrolysis data from oxidising and non-oxidising environments for flaming combustion. In wildland fires pyrolysis, flaming and smouldering combustion typically occur in an oxidising environment (the atmosphere).

Aims

Using compositional data analysis methods, determine if the composition of pyrolysis gases measured in non-oxidising and ambient (oxidising) atmospheric conditions were similar. 

Methods

Permanent gases and tars were measured in a fuel-rich (non-oxidising) environment in a flat flame burner (FFB). Permanent and light hydrocarbon gases were measured for the same fuels heated by a fire flame in ambient atmospheric conditions (oxidising environment). Log-ratio balances of the measured gases common to both environments (CO, CO2, CH4, H2, C6H6O (phenol), and other gases) were examined by principal components analysis (PCA), canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA).

Key results

Mean composition changed between the non-oxidising and ambient atmosphere samples. PCA showed that flat flame burner (FFB) samples were tightly clustered and distinct from the ambient atmosphere samples. CDA found that the difference between environments was defined by the CO-CO2 log-ratio balance. PERMANOVA and pairwise comparisons found FFB samples differed from the ambient atmosphere samples which did not differ from each other.

Conclusion

Relative composition of these pyrolysis gases differed between the oxidising and non-oxidising environments. This comparison was one of the first comparisons made between bench-scale and field scale pyrolysis measurements using compositional data analysis.

Implications

These results indicate the need for more fundamental research on the early time-dependent pyrolysis of vegetation in the presence of oxygen.

比较在工作台规模实验和火灾规模实验中测量到的活树叶快速热解产生的气体成分
背景火灾模型使用氧化和非氧化环境中的火焰燃烧热解数据。在野外火灾中,热解、火焰燃烧和烟熏燃烧通常发生在氧化环境(大气)中。目的利用成分数据分析方法,确定在非氧化和环境(氧化)大气条件下测量的热解气体成分是否相似。 方法在平焰燃烧器(FFB)中富燃料(非氧化)环境下测量永久气体和焦油。在环境大气条件(氧化环境)下,用火焰加热相同的燃料,测量永久气体和轻烃气体。通过主成分分析 (PCA)、典型判别分析 (CDA) 和包络多变量方差分析 (PERMANOVA),对两种环境中常见的测量气体(CO、CO2、CH4、H2、C6H6O(苯酚)和其他气体)的对数比平衡进行了研究。主要结果 非氧化样品和环境气氛样品的平均成分发生了变化。PCA 显示,平焰燃烧器 (FFB) 样品聚类紧密,与环境气氛样品截然不同。CDA 发现,环境之间的差异是由 CO-CO2 对数比平衡决定的。PERMANOVA 和成对比较发现,焚烧炉样品与环境空气样品之间存在差异,而环境空气样品与焚烧炉样品之间没有差异。结论这些热解气体的相对组成在氧化环境和非氧化环境中有所不同。这是首次利用成分数据分析对工作台规模和现场规模的热解测量结果进行比较。这些结果表明,有必要对植被在氧气存在下的早期随时间变化的热解进行更多的基础研究。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
9.70%
发文量
67
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: International Journal of Wildland Fire publishes new and significant articles that advance basic and applied research concerning wildland fire. Published papers aim to assist in the understanding of the basic principles of fire as a process, its ecological impact at the stand level and the landscape level, modelling fire and its effects, as well as presenting information on how to effectively and efficiently manage fire. The journal has an international perspective, since wildland fire plays a major social, economic and ecological role around the globe. The International Journal of Wildland Fire is published on behalf of the International Association of Wildland Fire.
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