Paleoseismological evidence of multiple, large magnitude earthquake surface ruptures on the active Mt. Morrone normal fault, central Apennines, Italy

IF 3.2 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Irene Puliti, Alberto Pizzi, Stefano Gori, Emanuela Falcucci, Fabrizio Galadini, Marco Moro, Michele Saroli
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Abstract

Abstract. The Mt. Morrone active normal Fault (MMF) and the related Sulmona intermountain basin constitute one of the most characteristic examples of the extensional tectonic landscape carving the central Apennines (Italy). Above the ⁓22 km MMF, thousands of inhabitants concentrate on a thriving reality and a historical and cultural heritage of great significance. According to the current knowledge, the last activation event of the whole MMF occurred ⁓2000 years ago and the maximum expected magnitude is M 6.6–7. Thus, the MMF today constitutes one of the most problematic structures in the central Apennines seismotectonic setting in terms of large-magnitude earthquake probability. Despite this, information on the activity of the MMF is presently relatively few, both for associated historical seismicity and paleoseismological data. To strengthen these knowledge weaknesses, we performed new extensive paleoseismological analyses (employing four trenches) in the central sector of the fault. Our goal was to supplement the limited existing dataset, constituted by a single paleoseismological study close to the northwestern tip of the fault. Additionally, we aimed to incorporate findings from a pair of studies focused on archaeoseismological and speleoseismological secondary evidence. Through these analyses, we unveiled four significant surface rupture events of the MMF, three of which occurred over the past 6000 years BP. Specifically, the youngest identified event occurred after 3.6–3.5 kyr BP, being thus chronologically consistent with the event in 2nd century CE; a penultimate event after 4.4 kyrs BP; a previous event occurred after 5.4–5.3 kyr BP; and the oldest event took place after 9–8.9 kyr and (presumably) before 5.8–5.7 kyr BP. Considering that the cumulative minimum vertical displacement estimated encompassing the last three events is ⁓140 cm, and based on the length of the fault at the surface, we can confirm that earthquakes with M 6.6–7.0 may be expected from the activation of the MMF with an inferred average recurrence interval not longer than 1800 years over the last ⁓5.4 kyr.
意大利亚平宁半岛中部活跃的莫罗内山正断层上多次大震级地震地表断裂的古地震学证据
摘要莫罗内山活动正断层(MMF)和相关的苏尔莫纳山间盆地是雕刻亚平宁半岛中部(意大利)伸展构造景观的最具特色的例子之一。在⁓22 千米正断层之上,数以千计的居民集中在一个繁荣的现实和具有重要意义的历史文化遗产中。根据目前的知识,整个多米褶皱带的最后一次启动事件发生在⁓2000 年前,预计最大震级为 M6.6-7。因此,就发生大震级地震的概率而言,MMF 是亚平宁半岛中部地震构造环境中最有问题的结构之一。尽管如此,目前有关 MMF 活动的信息相对较少,包括相关的历史地震活动和古地震学数据。为了弥补这些知识上的不足,我们在该断层的中心区域进行了新的广泛的古地震学分析(采用了四条海沟)。我们的目标是补充有限的现有数据集,这些数据集由断层西北端附近的一项古地震学研究构成。此外,我们的目标还包括对考古地震学和岩浆地震学辅助证据的研究结果。通过这些分析,我们揭示了多米诺骨牌断层的四次重大地表断裂事件,其中三次发生在公元前 6000 年。具体来说,最年轻的事件发生在公元前 3.6-3.5 千年之后,因此在时间上与公元前 2 世纪的事件相吻合;倒数第二个事件发生在公元前 4.4 千年之后;前一个事件发生在公元前 5.4-5.3 千年之后;最古老的事件发生在公元前 9-8.9 千年之后,(推测)在公元前 5.8-5.7 千年之前。考虑到最近三次地震的累计最小垂直位移估计为 140 厘米,并根据断层在地表的长度,我们可以确认,在过去 5.4 千年内,MMF 的激活可能会引发 M6.6-7.0 级地震,推断平均重现间隔不超过 1800 年。
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来源期刊
Solid Earth
Solid Earth GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS-
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
8.80%
发文量
78
审稿时长
4.5 months
期刊介绍: Solid Earth (SE) is a not-for-profit journal that publishes multidisciplinary research on the composition, structure, dynamics of the Earth from the surface to the deep interior at all spatial and temporal scales. The journal invites contributions encompassing observational, experimental, and theoretical investigations in the form of short communications, research articles, method articles, review articles, and discussion and commentaries on all aspects of the solid Earth (for details see manuscript types). Being interdisciplinary in scope, SE covers the following disciplines: geochemistry, mineralogy, petrology, volcanology; geodesy and gravity; geodynamics: numerical and analogue modeling of geoprocesses; geoelectrics and electromagnetics; geomagnetism; geomorphology, morphotectonics, and paleoseismology; rock physics; seismics and seismology; critical zone science (Earth''s permeable near-surface layer); stratigraphy, sedimentology, and palaeontology; rock deformation, structural geology, and tectonics.
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