Microstructure Evolution and Precipitation Strengthening Behaviour of Additively Manufactured High-speed Steels

H Zhang, D A Venero, J Park, S V Petegem, A Özsoy, G Soundarapandiyan, S Robertson, X Zhang, B Chen
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Abstract

Additively manufactured (AM) high-speed steels were investigated, focusing specifically on the microstructure evolution during post-treatment in S390 steel and the rapid solidification process in M50 steel. An improved understanding of the processing-microstructure-property relationship for AM high-speed steel is achieved through a combination of post-mortem microstructure characterisation on precipitates and in-situ tracking of phase evolution. Quantitative characterisation of primary carbides and nanoprecipitates highlights the strengthening through nanoprecipitates that contribute to the exceedingly high hardness of 921 HV. Phase evolution during tempering was examined through in-situ synchrotron diffraction and ex-situ small-angle neutron scattering, revealing primary carbide growth by 60 nm within 2 minutes and nanoparticle precipitation with a size of 1.4 nm after 60-minute tempering. Additionally, the microstructure evolution of AM M50 steel was investigated by operando synchrotron diffraction, unveiling cooling rates in the order of 105 K/s during liquid-solid transformation. After printing, the carbon content of 0.47 wt.% in the matrix was derived from the martensite tetragonality. The insights gained serve as a valuable guide for designing future steel groups and developing heat treatment procedures tailored for the AM process.
快速成型高速钢的微观结构演变和沉淀强化行为
对快速成型(AM)高速钢进行了研究,重点是 S390 钢后处理期间的微观结构演变和 M50 钢的快速凝固过程。通过结合析出物的死后微观结构表征和相演化的原位跟踪,加深了对 AM 高速钢的加工-微观结构-性能关系的理解。原生碳化物和纳米析出物的定量表征凸显了纳米析出物对 921 HV 超高硬度的强化作用。通过原位同步辐射衍射和原位小角中子散射对回火过程中的相变进行了研究,结果表明原生碳化物在 2 分钟内增长了 60 纳米,60 分钟回火后析出的纳米颗粒大小为 1.4 纳米。此外,还通过操作同步辐射衍射研究了 AM M50 钢的微观结构演变,揭示了液固转化过程中 105 K/s 的冷却速度。打印后,基体中 0.47 wt.% 的碳含量来自马氏体的四方性。所获得的见解为设计未来的钢组和开发适合 AM 工艺的热处理程序提供了宝贵的指导。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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