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引用次数: 0
超越自我利益的合作
公平在日常生活中发挥着至关重要的作用,它确保每个人在社会中受到公平对待。这一概念与合作密切相关,因为合作往往取决于个人是否相信自己会受到公平对待,公平准则是否会得到执行。归根结底,公平所依据的原则是,人们应该得到他们应得的待遇。公平可以通过两种机制在人与人之间维持:补偿和惩罚。补偿旨在纠正不公平行为的受害者所遭受的伤害或损失。惩罚的目的是对行为违反既定规范的人施加适当和公正的后果。这些机制可能取决于亲属关系和重复互动。从进化论的角度来看,有血缘关系的个体之间更容易保持合作,因为亲属间的公平有助于遗传生存。在预期未来会相遇的情况下,对互惠的预期会促进合作。因此,亲属关系和对未来互动的预期会促进信任和长期合作,使通过补偿和惩罚实现的公平变得有益。
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