Evidence for rapid ecosystem retrogression along a post-glacial chronosequence in Antarctica

IF 1.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
S. K. Schmidt, L. Vimercati, A. J. Solon, J. N. Robinson, C. P. Bueno de Mesquita, B. W. Johnson
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Abstract

Glacial retreat due to global warming is exposing large tracts of barren glacial sediments that are quickly colonized by CO2-fixing microbial communities that can constitute the climax community in many high-Arctic, alpine, and Antarctic environments. Despite the potential importance of these processes, little is known about microbial community successional dynamics and rates of carbon (C) sequestration in environments where higher plants are slow or unable to establish. We analyzed microbial community succession and C and N accumulation in newly exposed sediments along an Antarctic glacial chronosequence where moss and microbial autotrophs are the dominant primary producers. During the first 4 years of succession (0 to 40 m from the glacier) algae (including diatoms) were the most relatively abundant eukaryotes, but by the second phase studied (8 to 12 years) moss amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) dominated. The rise in moss coincided with a significant buildup of C and N in the sediments. The final two phases of the successional sequence (16 to 20 and 26 to 30 years) were marked by declines in microbial species richness and moss relative abundance, that coincided with significant decreases in both total C and N. These retrogressive declines coincided with a large increase in relative abundance of predatory Vampyrellidae suggesting a possible mechanism for retrogression in this and perhaps other terrestrial ecosystems at the edge of the cryosphere. These findings have implications for understanding CO2 sequestration and ecosystem succession in microbial-dominated regions of the cryobiosphere where large tracts of land are currently undergoing deglaciation.

Abstract Image

南极冰川后时间序列上生态系统快速倒退的证据
全球变暖导致的冰川退缩正在暴露出大片贫瘠的冰川沉积物,这些沉积物很快就会被固碳微生物群落所占据,这些微生物群落可以构成许多高纬度北极、高山和南极环境中的高潮群落。尽管这些过程具有潜在的重要性,但在高等植物生长缓慢或无法生长的环境中,人们对微生物群落演替动态和碳(C)螯合速率知之甚少。我们分析了南极冰川年序新暴露沉积物中的微生物群落演替以及碳和氮的积累,苔藓和微生物自养菌是该年序的主要初级生产者。在演替的前 4 年(距冰川 0 至 40 米),藻类(包括硅藻)是相对最丰富的真核生物,但到了研究的第二阶段(8 至 12 年),苔藓扩增序列变体(ASV)占据了主导地位。苔藓增加的同时,沉积物中的碳和氮也大量增加。在演替序列的最后两个阶段(16 至 20 年和 26 至 30 年),微生物物种丰富度和苔藓相对丰度下降,与此同时,总碳和总氮也显著减少。这些倒退性下降与掠食性吸血鬼科动物相对丰度的大幅增加相吻合,这表明该生态系统以及冰冻圈边缘的其他陆地生态系统可能存在倒退机制。这些发现对了解低温生物圈中以微生物为主的地区的二氧化碳封存和生态系统演替具有重要意义。
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来源期刊
Polar Biology
Polar Biology 生物-生态学
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
11.80%
发文量
116
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Polar Biology publishes Original Papers, Reviews, and Short Notes and is the focal point for biologists working in polar regions. It is also of interest to scientists working in biology in general, ecology and physiology, as well as in oceanography and climatology related to polar life. Polar Biology presents results of studies in plants, animals, and micro-organisms of marine, limnic and terrestrial habitats in polar and subpolar regions of both hemispheres. Taxonomy/ Biogeography Life History Spatio-temporal Patterns in Abundance and Diversity Ecological Interactions Trophic Ecology Ecophysiology/ Biochemistry of Adaptation Biogeochemical Pathways and Cycles Ecological Models Human Impact/ Climate Change/ Conservation
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