Ultrafast Laser-Fabricated Fluoride Glass Waveguides with Exceptionally High Refractive Index Change for Mid-Infrared Integrated Optics

arXiv - PHYS - Optics Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI:arxiv-2409.07674

T Toney Fernandez, Y Hwang, H Mahmodi, D Otten, L Plenecassagne, S Cozic, S Gross, I Kabakova, M Withford, M Poulain, A Fuerbach, D Lancaster

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Abstract

This study reports the successful fabrication of high-positive refractive index change waveguides, exceeding 0.02 in fluoride glasses, marking a significant advancement in integrated optical components for visible to mid-infrared applications. This research overcomes longstanding challenges in direct-write photonics and therefore enables the realization of true 3D geometries in optical elements, access to novel visible lasing wavelengths typically suppressed in high phonon hosts, and the miniaturization of mid-infrared optical devices. The investigation into the waveguides' origin attributes the exceptionally high index change to material densification driven by the migration of specific elements, mainly barium, within the glass composition. These waveguides, characterized by low insertion losses, and highly customizable V-numbers evidenced by multimode operation at 3.5 um, offers substantial potential for chip laser technology and the creation of advanced optical devices for sensing and spectroscopy.

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用于中红外集成光学器件的具有超高折射率变化的超快激光制造氟化玻璃波导

这项研究报告了在氟化物玻璃中成功制造出超过 0.02 的高正向折射率变化波导，标志着用于可见光和中红外应用的集成光学元件取得了重大进展。这项研究克服了长期以来间接写入光子学所面临的挑战，因此能够在光学元件中实现真正的三维几何形状，获得通常在高声子主机中被抑制的新型可见光激光波长，并实现中红外光学器件的微型化。对波导起源的研究将异常高的折射率变化归因于特定元素（主要是钡）在玻璃成分中迁移所导致的材料致密化。这些波导的特点是插入损耗低，V 数可高度定制，在 3.5 um 的多模运行中得到证明，为芯片激光技术以及用于传感和光谱分析的先进光学设备的制造提供了巨大的潜力。

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arXiv - PHYS - Optics

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