Phase-resolving the Absorption Signatures of Water and Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere of the Ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b with GEMINI-S/IGRINS

IF 3.3 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Joost P. Wardenier, Vivien Parmentier, Michael R. Line, Megan Weiner Mansfield, Xianyu Tan, Shang-Min Tsai, Jacob L. Bean, Jayne L. Birkby, Matteo Brogi, Jean-Michel Désert, Siddharth Gandhi, Elspeth K. H. Lee, Colette I. Levens, Lorenzo Pino, Peter C. B. Smith
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Abstract

Ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are among the best targets for atmospheric characterization at high spectral resolution. Resolving their transmission spectra as a function of orbital phase offers a unique window into the 3D nature of these objects. In this work, we present three transits of the UHJ WASP-121b observed with Gemini-S/IGRINS. For the first time, we measure the phase-dependent absorption signals of CO and H2O in the atmosphere of an exoplanet, and we find that they are different. While the blueshift of CO increases during the transit, the absorption lines of H2O become less blueshifted with phase, and even show a redshift in the second half of the transit. These measurements reveal the distinct spatial distributions of both molecules across the atmospheres of UHJs. Also, we find that the H2O signal is absent in the first quarter of the transit, potentially hinting at cloud formation on the evening terminator of WASP-121b. To further interpret the absorption trails of CO and H2O, as well as the Doppler shifts of Fe previously measured with VLT/ESPRESSO, we compare the data to simulated transits of WASP-121b. To this end, we post-process the outputs of the global circulation models with a 3D Monte-Carlo radiative transfer code. Our analysis shows that the atmosphere of WASP-121b is subject to atmospheric drag, as previously suggested by small hotspot offsets inferred from phase-curve observations. Our study highlights the importance of phase-resolved spectroscopy in unravelling the complex atmospheric structure of UHJs and sets the stage for further investigations into their chemistry and dynamics.
利用 GEMINI-S/IGRINS,相位分辨超热木星 WASP-121b 大气层中水和一氧化碳的吸收特征
超热木星(UHJs)是以高光谱分辨率进行大气特征描述的最佳目标之一。将它们的透射光谱作为轨道相位的函数进行解析,为了解这些天体的三维性质提供了一个独特的窗口。在这项工作中,我们展示了用 Gemini-S/IGRINS观测到的 UHJ WASP-121b 的三次凌日。我们首次测量了系外行星大气中 CO 和 H2O 随相位变化的吸收信号,发现它们是不同的。CO的蓝移在凌日过程中会增加,而H2O的吸收线则随着相位的变化而降低蓝移,甚至在凌日的后半段出现红移。这些测量结果揭示了这两种分子在 UHJ 大气层中的不同空间分布。此外,我们还发现,在凌日的前四分之一时间里,H2O 信号并不存在,这可能暗示了 WASP-121b 晚间终结者上云层的形成。为了进一步解释 CO 和 H2O 的吸收轨迹,以及之前用 VLT/ESPRESSO 测得的 Fe 的多普勒频移,我们将数据与 WASP-121b 的模拟凌日进行了比较。为此,我们使用三维蒙特卡洛辐射传递代码对全球环流模型的输出结果进行了后处理。我们的分析表明,WASP-121b 的大气受到了大气阻力的影响,这与之前从相位曲线观测中推断出的小热点偏移所显示的情况一样。我们的研究强调了相位分辨光谱在揭示超高强子复杂大气结构方面的重要性,并为进一步研究其化学和动力学奠定了基础。
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来源期刊
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
5.70%
发文量
103
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (PASP), the technical journal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP), has been published regularly since 1889, and is an integral part of the ASP''s mission to advance the science of astronomy and disseminate astronomical information. The journal provides an outlet for astronomical results of a scientific nature and serves to keep readers in touch with current astronomical research. It contains refereed research and instrumentation articles, invited and contributed reviews, tutorials, and dissertation summaries.
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