Characterization and optimization of high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells

V. P. Kostylyov, A. V. Sachenko, M. Evstigneev, I. O. Sokolovskyi, A. I. Shkrebtii
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Abstract

Since the photoconversion efficiency $\eta$ of the silicon-based solar cells (SCs) under laboratory conditions is approaching the theoretical fundamental limit, further improvement of their performance requires theoretical modeling and/or numerical simulation to optimize the SCs parameters and design. The existing numerical approaches to modeling and optimization of the key parameters of high-efficiency solar cells based on monocrystalline silicon (c-Si), the dominant material in photovoltaics, are described. It is shown that, in addition to the four usually considered recombination processes, namely, Shockley-Read-Hall, surface, radiative, and band-to-band Auger recombination mechanisms, the non-radiative exciton Auger recombination and recombination in the space charge region (SCR) have to be included. To develop the analytical SC characterization formalism, we proposed a simple expression to model the wavelength-dependent external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the photocurrent near the absorption edge. Based on this parameterization, the theory developed allows for calculating and optimizing the base thickness-dependent short-circuit current, the open-circuit voltage, and the SC photoconversion efficiency. We proved that the approach to optimize the solar cell parameters, especially its thickness and the base doping level, is accurate and demonstrated for the two Si solar cells reported in the literature, one with an efficiency of 26.7 % and the other with the record efficiency of 26.81 %. It is shown that the formalism developed allows further optimization of the solar cell thickness and doping level, thus increasing the SC efficiency to an even higher value.
高效晶体硅太阳能电池的表征和优化
由于硅基太阳能电池在实验室条件下的光电转换效率已接近理论基本极限,要进一步提高其性能,就需要进行理论建模和/或数值模拟,以优化太阳能电池的参数和设计。本文介绍了对基于单晶硅(c-Si)(光伏领域的主要材料)的高效太阳能电池的关键参数进行建模和优化的现有数值方法。研究表明,除了通常考虑的四种重组过程,即肖克利-雷德-霍尔、表面、辐射和带间奥杰尔重组机制外,还必须包括非辐射激子奥杰尔重组和空间电荷区(SCR)的重组。为了建立分析 SC 特性的形式主义,我们提出了一个简单的表达式来模拟吸收边缘附近光电流随波长变化的外部量子效率 (EQE)。基于这一参数化,所开发的理论可以计算并优化与基底厚度相关的短路电流、开路电压和 SC 光电转换效率。我们证明了优化太阳电池参数(尤其是其厚度和基底掺杂水平)的方法是准确的,并对文献中报道的两种硅太阳能电池进行了演示,一种效率为 26.7%,另一种效率为 26.81%。结果表明,所开发的形式主义可以进一步优化太阳能电池的厚度和掺杂水平,从而将太阳能电池的效率提高到更高的值。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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