Habitat trumps biogeography in structuring coral reef fishes

IF 2.7 2区 生物学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
David R. Bellwood, Sterling B. Tebbett
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Abstract

As one of the world’s most diverse ecosystems, coral reefs have been the focus of numerous biogeographic analyses. With strong biodiversity gradients across the Indo-Pacific, coral reefs have shed light on the effects of evolutionary history, isolation, and human exploitation on local assemblages. However, there are also strong environmentally driven local gradients in faunal assemblages. We ask, does reef fish community composition and trait space vary to a greater extent across small scales (i.e. along habitat gradients) or across large scales (i.e. across geographic regions separated by up to 12,000 km)? Using a standardized survey method that explicitly includes habitats (i.e. the slope, crest, and flat), we surveyed a highly diverse family of reef fishes (Labridae) in nine regions across the Indo-Pacific, from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands to French Polynesia. We demonstrate that small-scale habitat gradients represent a greater axis of variation, in both the taxonomic and trait composition of fish assemblages, than large-scale biogeographic gradients. Indeed, fish assemblages just 10 m apart, along a habitat gradient, appear to differ more than assemblages in the same habitats separated by over 12,000 km along the world’s largest biodiversity gradient. Essentially, fish assemblages cluster by habitat regardless of their biogeographic region, with habitat associations trumping biogeographic affiliations. This emphasizes the primacy of local environmental factors, such as hydrodynamics, in shaping the ecology of reef fishes. It also raises serious concerns over the use of combined datasets, where data from different habitats are used, without explicit recognition, in global-scale analyses.

Abstract Image

在珊瑚礁鱼类结构中,栖息地胜过生物地理学
作为世界上最多样化的生态系统之一,珊瑚礁一直是众多生物地理分析的焦点。印度洋-太平洋地区的珊瑚礁具有很强的生物多样性梯度,它揭示了进化史、隔离和人类开发对当地动物群落的影响。然而,受环境影响,当地动物群落的梯度也很明显。我们要问的是,珊瑚礁鱼类群落组成和性状空间在小尺度上(即沿生境梯度)或大尺度上(即在相隔长达 12,000 公里的地理区域内)是否有更大程度的差异?利用明确包括栖息地(即斜坡、波峰和平地)的标准化调查方法,我们调查了印度洋-太平洋从科科斯(基林)群岛到法属波利尼西亚九个地区高度多样化的珊瑚礁鱼类(唇形目)家族。我们的研究表明,与大尺度的生物地理梯度相比,小尺度的生境梯度在鱼类组合的分类和性状组成方面代表了更大的变异轴。事实上,与世界上最大的生物多样性梯度上相隔 12,000 多公里的相同栖息地上的鱼类组合相比,栖息地梯度上相距仅 10 米的鱼类组合的差异似乎更大。从根本上说,鱼类集合体是按栖息地聚集的,与生物地理区域无关,栖息地关联胜过生物地理关联。这强调了当地环境因素(如水动力)在塑造珊瑚礁鱼类生态方面的首要作用。这也引起了人们对使用综合数据集的严重关切,因为在全球范围的分析中,来自不同生境的数据在没有得到明确承认的情况下被使用。
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来源期刊
Coral Reefs
Coral Reefs 生物-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
6.80
自引率
11.40%
发文量
111
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Coral Reefs, the Journal of the International Coral Reef Society, presents multidisciplinary literature across the broad fields of reef studies, publishing analytical and theoretical papers on both modern and ancient reefs. These encourage the search for theories about reef structure and dynamics, and the use of experimentation, modeling, quantification and the applied sciences. Coverage includes such subject areas as population dynamics; community ecology of reef organisms; energy and nutrient flows; biogeochemical cycles; physiology of calcification; reef responses to natural and anthropogenic influences; stress markers in reef organisms; behavioural ecology; sedimentology; diagenesis; reef structure and morphology; evolutionary ecology of the reef biota; palaeoceanography of coral reefs and coral islands; reef management and its underlying disciplines; molecular biology and genetics of coral; aetiology of disease in reef-related organisms; reef responses to global change, and more.
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