Y chromosome STR variation reveals traditional occupation based population structure in India

Jaison Jeevan Sequeira, M Chaitra, Ananya Rai N R, M Sudeepthi, R Shalini, Mohammed S Mustak, Jagriti Khanna, Shivkant Sharma, Rajendra V E Chilukuri, George van Driem, Pankaj Shrivastava
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Abstract

Earlier models of grouping Indian populations were based on language families, social stratification and geographical location. Such grouping system has often resulted in oversimplification of ancestry inferences. Moreover, we do not find many studies focused on studying the variation within these groups and the role of past demographic events in shaping them. We analysed the Y-chromosome Short Tandem Repeats haplotypes from 8153 males from India and Eurasia to explore the impact of Holocene migration on the Indian gene pool. We used haplotype variation and date estimates to understand the characteristics of each haplogroup with respect to the different grouping models. Our findings show that the Neolithic agricultural expansion has had a strong influence in shaping the male gene pool of the Indian subcontinent. Haplogroups F, L and R1a contribute greatly towards stratifying Indian populations as hunter-gatherer related, farming-related and priestly groups respectively. Although the caste system enforced endogamy, a traditional occupation based admixture existed since the Neolithic times. Dispersal of haplogroup L from the Near East played a major role in the formation of an agriculturist population that formed an intermediary between the primitive tribes and the R1a-rich priestly group. This study shows that the frequency of R1a in the hunter-gatherer tribes (1.5%) is much lower than previously reported based on other models of population clustering.
Y 染色体 STR 变异揭示了印度基于传统职业的人口结构
早期的印第安人种群划分模式以语系、社会阶层和地理位置为基础。这种分组系统往往导致对祖先的推断过于简单化。此外,我们并没有发现多少研究侧重于研究这些群体内部的变异以及过去的人口事件在塑造这些群体方面所起的作用。我们分析了来自印度和欧亚大陆的 8153 名男性的 Y 染色体短串联重复单倍型,以探讨全新世移民对印度基因库的影响。我们利用单倍型变异和日期估计来了解每个单倍群在不同分组模式下的特征。我们的研究结果表明,新石器时代的农业扩张对印度次大陆男性基因库的形成有很大影响。单倍群 F、L 和 R1a 在很大程度上将印度人分为与狩猎采集相关的群体、与农业相关的群体和祭司群体。尽管种姓制度强制实行内婚制,但自新石器时代以来,基于传统职业的混血现象就一直存在。来自近东的单倍群 L 在农业人口的形成过程中发挥了重要作用,农业人口是原始部落和富含 R1a 的祭司群体之间的中介。这项研究表明,R1a 在狩猎采集部落中的频率(1.5%)远远低于之前根据其他人口聚类模型所报告的频率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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