New loci and candidate genes in spring two-rowed barley detected through meta-analysis of a field trial European network

Francesc Montardit-Tarda, Ana M Casas, William Thomas, Florian Schnaithmann, Rajiv Sharma, Salar Shaaf, Chiara Campoli, Joanne Russell, Luke Ramsay, Stefano Delbono, Marko Jääskeläinen, Maitry Paul, Fred Stoddard, Andrea Visioni, Andrew J Flavell, Klaus Pillen, Benjamin Kilian, A Graner, Laura Rossini, Robbie Waugh, Luigi Cattivelli, Alan H Schulman, Alessandro Tondelli, Ernesto Igartua
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Abstract

This study contributes new knowledge on quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes for adaptive traits and yield in two-rowed spring barley. A meta-analysis of a network of field trials, varying in latitude and sowing date, with 151 cultivars across several European countries, increased QTL detection power compared to single-trial analyses. The traits analysed were heading date (HD), plant height (PH), thousand-grain weight (TGW), and grain yield (GY). Breaking down the analysis by the main genotype-by-environment trends revealed QTLs and candidate genes specific to conditions like sowing date and latitude. A historical look on the evolution of QTL frequencies revealed that early selection focused on PH and TGW, likely due to their high heritability. GY selection occurred later, facilitated by reduced variance in other traits. The study observed that favourable alleles for plant height were often fixed before those for grain yield and TGW. Some regions showed linkage in repulsion, suggesting targets for future breeding. Several candidate genes were identified, including known genes and new candidates based on orthology with rice. Remarkably, the deficiens allele of gene Vrs1, appears associated to higher GY. These findings provide valuable insights for barley breeders aiming to improve yield, and other agronomic traits.
通过对欧洲田间试验网络的元分析,发现春双行大麦中的新基因座和候选基因
这项研究为双行春大麦适应性状和产量的数量性状位点(QTL)和候选基因提供了新的知识。与单项试验分析相比,通过对欧洲多个国家的 151 个栽培品种进行纬度和播种期不同的田间试验网络的元分析,提高了 QTL 的检测能力。分析的性状包括穗期(HD)、株高(PH)、千粒重(TGW)和谷物产量(GY)。按主要基因型-环境趋势进行的细分分析揭示了与播种日期和纬度等条件相关的 QTL 和候选基因。对 QTL 频率演变的历史回顾表明,早期的选择主要集中在 PH 和 TGW 上,这可能是由于它们的遗传率较高。由于其他性状的变异性降低,GY 的选择发生得较晚。研究发现,植株高度的有利等位基因往往先于谷物产量和 TGW 的有利等位基因被固定下来。一些区域显示出排斥性连锁,为今后的育种提出了目标。研究发现了几个候选基因,包括已知基因和基于与水稻同源的新候选基因。值得注意的是,基因 Vrs1 的 deficiens 等位基因似乎与较高的 GY 有关。这些发现为旨在提高产量及其他农艺性状的大麦育种者提供了宝贵的见解。
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