Effect of stirring time on viscoelastic properties of liquid gallium-oxide amalgams

IF 2.2 4区 工程技术 Q2 MECHANICS
Hyeong Yong Song, Si Yoon Kim, Min Seo Park, Jun Dong Park, Kyu Hyun
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Abstract

This study investigated the effect of mechanical stirring time on liquid gallium (Ga)-oxide amalgams using linear and nonlinear viscoelastic properties in dynamic oscillatory shear. The liquid Ga-oxide amalgams with different stirring times were prepared by exposing liquid Ga to the atmosphere under continuous stirring. Linear viscoelasticity of all amalgams exhibited an elastic-dominant behavior. When plotted versus stirring time, elastic modulus increased gradually, which was described successfully by a power-law-type equation for a percolation behavior. The nonlinear viscoelasticity of the amalgams was analyzed using the conventional strain-sweep data and the sequence of physical processes (SPP) method. The critical strain amplitudes determined from the strain-sweep data showed that the yielding of the amalgams occurred earlier and more gradually with increasing stirring time. The SPP analysis using transient Cole–Cole plots revealed that all amalgams experienced intracycle nonlinear behavior consisting of three physical processes (recovery, elastic softening, and yielding) within an oscillation cycle. Intriguingly, the structure recovery rate evaluated by the maximum intracycle elasticity exhibited a nonmonotonic behavior, where the maximum recovery rate was achieved at the stirring time of 5 min. Finally, taking both linear and nonlinear properties, we suggested a material–property co-plot for the printability evaluation of liquid Ga-oxide amalgams.

Graphical Abstract

Abstract Image

搅拌时间对液态氧化镓汞合金粘弹性的影响
本研究利用动态振荡剪切中的线性和非线性粘弹特性,研究了机械搅拌时间对液态镓(Ga)-氧化汞汞齐的影响。在连续搅拌下,将液态镓暴露在大气中,制备了不同搅拌时间的液态氧化镓汞齐。所有汞齐的线性粘弹性都表现出弹性主导行为。当绘制弹性模量与搅拌时间的关系曲线时,弹性模量逐渐增加,并成功地用幂律方程描述了渗流行为。利用传统的应变扫描数据和物理过程序列 (SPP) 方法分析了汞合金的非线性粘弹性。从应变扫描数据中确定的临界应变振幅表明,随着搅拌时间的增加,汞合金的屈服发生得更早且更缓慢。利用瞬态科尔-科尔图进行的 SPP 分析表明,所有汞合金在一个振荡周期内都经历了由三个物理过程(恢复、弹性软化和屈服)组成的周期内非线性行为。耐人寻味的是,用周期内最大弹性评估的结构恢复率表现出一种非单调行为,即在搅拌时间为 5 分钟时达到最大恢复率。最后,考虑到线性和非线性特性,我们为液态氧化镓汞合金的可印刷性评估提出了一种材料-特性协同图。 图解摘要
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来源期刊
Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
Korea-Australia Rheology Journal 工程技术-高分子科学
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
28
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Korea-Australia Rheology Journal is devoted to fundamental and applied research with immediate or potential value in rheology, covering the science of the deformation and flow of materials. Emphases are placed on experimental and numerical advances in the areas of complex fluids. The journal offers insight into characterization and understanding of technologically important materials with a wide range of practical applications.
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