Dietary Habits and Determinants of Overnutrition Among Secondary and Preparatory School Adolescents: A Multi-Center Unmatched Case-Control Study

IF 1.5 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Eleni Dagnaw Abeje, Shiferaw Birhanu Aynalem, Hailemariam Mekonnen Workie
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Overnutrition is characterized by abnormal or excessive fat buildup in the body’s fatty tissue, leading to potential health issues associated with overweight or obesity. These conditions pose significant public health challenges for adolescents and are strong indicators of future obesity, illness, and even death. As a result, this study sought to examine the dietary behaviors and factors contributing to overnutrition in secondary and preparatory school students in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 285 adolescents from March 18 to April 20, 2021. The data collection was carried out using standardized interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires, which were adapted from previous studies. A general survey was conducted to identify cases and controls. The cases and controls were selected using simple random sampling methods. Data was entered using Epi-data 4.2 software and exported to SPSS v25. Descriptive statistics were done based on the nature of the data. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. World Health Organization AnthroPlus software was used to analyze anthropometric data into body mass index for age with z-score. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and P-value <.05 was considered statistical significance. Result: In this study, eating habits while reading (AOR = 3.87;95% CI: 1.95-7.686), sedentary behavior, (AOR = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.278-4.97), vigorous type of physical exercise for <75 min per week (AOR = 2.38; 95% CI: (1.149-4.92), <6 sleeping hour per day (AOR = 5.68; 95% CI: 2.08-15.48) and earning an average family income of ≥227 USD (AOR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.214-5.9) were significantly associated with overnutrition among school adolescents. Conclusion: Overnutrition is a significant emerging public health concern among school adolescents, with various factors contributing to its prevalence. This study underscores the importance of promoting an active lifestyle, reducing sedentary behavior, and fostering healthy eating habits as crucial national public health priorities. Early interventions targeting modifiable risk factors are essential for mitigating the incidence of overnutrition among adolescents. It is recommended that educational programs addressing overnutrition and its associated health implications commence early in school settings to prevent the escalating prevalence of this issue. Public health initiatives aimed at increasing awareness of risk factors for overnutrition among adolescents are warranted to alleviate the future burden of obesity-related chronic non-communicable diseases.
中学和预备学校青少年的饮食习惯和营养过剩的决定因素:一项多中心非匹配病例对照研究
背景:营养过剩的特点是人体脂肪组织中脂肪异常或过度堆积,从而导致与超重或肥胖相关的潜在健康问题。这些情况对青少年的公共健康构成了重大挑战,也是未来肥胖、疾病甚至死亡的有力指标。因此,本研究试图调查埃塞俄比亚 Debre Berhan 镇中学生和预备学校学生的饮食行为以及导致营养过剩的因素。研究方法于 2021 年 3 月 18 日至 4 月 20 日对 285 名青少年进行了一项基于机构的非匹配病例对照研究。数据收集采用了由访谈者主持的标准化半结构式问卷,这些问卷改编自以往的研究。为确定病例和对照组,还进行了一次一般调查。病例和对照组均采用简单随机抽样方法选出。数据使用 Epi-data 4.2 软件输入,并导出到 SPSS v25。根据数据的性质进行了描述性统计。进行了二变量和多变量逻辑回归分析。使用世界卫生组织 AnthroPlus 软件将人体测量数据分析为年龄的体重指数和 z 值。调整后的几率比(95% 置信区间)和 P 值 <.05 被认为具有统计学意义。结果在本研究中,边阅读边进食的习惯(AOR = 3.87;95% CI:1.95-7.686)、久坐不动的行为(AOR = 2.52;95% CI:1.278-4.97)、每周 75 分钟的剧烈运动(AOR = 2.38;95% CI:(1.149-4.92)、每周 6 次的体力锻炼(AOR = 2.38;95% CI:(1.149-4.9292)、<每天睡 6 小时(AOR = 5.68;95% CI:2.08-15.48)和家庭平均收入≥227 美元(AOR = 2.67;95% CI:1.214-5.9)与在校青少年营养过剩显著相关。结论营养过剩是学校青少年中新出现的一个重大公共卫生问题,导致营养过剩的因素多种多样。这项研究强调了提倡积极的生活方式、减少久坐行为和培养健康饮食习惯作为国家公共卫生重点工作的重要性。针对可改变的风险因素进行早期干预,对于降低青少年营养过剩的发生率至关重要。建议尽早在学校环境中开展针对营养过剩及其相关健康影响的教育计划,以防止这一问题的蔓延。为减轻未来与肥胖相关的慢性非传染性疾病的负担,有必要采取旨在提高青少年对营养过剩风险因素认识的公共卫生措施。
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来源期刊
American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine
American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
15.80%
发文量
119
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