Fire-safe composites made from bio-derived and difunctional benzoxazine hybridized matrix reinforced with Pistachio shell particles

IF 2.3 3区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI:10.1177/07316844241273040

Athar Ali Khan Gorar, Guo Zhiyi, Zhicheng Wang, Chen Qiufei, Abbas Daham, Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf, Jun Wang, Wen-Bin Liu

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Abstract

An isothermal compression molding process was used to create composites reinforced with pistachio shell particles. The composites were made using Bisphenol A–aniline-based benzoxazine and bio-based benzoxazine (VB) monomers derived from vanillin and furfuryl amine. The benzoxazine composites were developed by following green chemistry principles and blending with different weight percentages of Alkali treated pistachio shell particles. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the structure of the VB monomer. Differential scanning calorimetry study shows the curing behavior of monomers and their blends. Surface treatment significantly enhanced the filler’s thermal stability. Copolymerization improved mobility and helped to align the chain and activate reactive groups at lower temperatures, lowering the curing temperature to 229°C with the inclusion of particles. The mechanical properties of composites are significantly enhanced. Compared to the neat matrix, composites showed a maximum increase of 155% in bending strength and 104.5% in impact tests. The theoretical model and simulation results are in good agreement with the experiment data. Thermogravimetric analysis of composites showed that neat polymers and composites have excellent thermal stability ( T10% of 296; Y c 38.4%). The flammability test (UL-94) reveals that composites are rated as V-0 and can be categorized as flame-retardant materials.

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用开心果壳颗粒增强的生物衍生和双官能团苯并恶嗪杂化基质制成的防火复合材料

采用等温压缩成型工艺制造出了用开心果壳颗粒增强的复合材料。复合材料是用双酚 A-苯胺基苯并恶嗪和从香兰素和糠胺中提取的生物基苯并恶嗪（VB）单体制成的。苯并恶嗪复合材料是按照绿色化学原理，与不同重量百分比的碱处理开心果壳颗粒混合制成的。质子核磁共振和傅立叶变换红外光谱证实了 VB 单体的结构。差示扫描量热法研究显示了单体及其混合物的固化行为。表面处理大大提高了填料的热稳定性。共聚提高了流动性，并有助于在较低温度下排列链和激活活性基团，使加入颗粒后的固化温度降低到 229°C。复合材料的机械性能显著提高。与纯基体相比，复合材料的抗弯强度最大提高了 155%，冲击试验的抗弯强度最大提高了 104.5%。理论模型和模拟结果与实验数据十分吻合。复合材料的热重分析表明，纯聚合物和复合材料都具有出色的热稳定性（T10% 为 296；Y c 为 38.4%）。可燃性测试（UL-94）表明，复合材料的阻燃等级为 V-0，可归类为阻燃材料。

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来源期刊

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 工程技术-材料科学：复合

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

6.50%

发文量

审稿时长

1.3 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites is a fully peer-reviewed international journal that publishes original research and review articles on a broad range of today''s reinforced plastics and composites including areas in: Constituent materials: matrix materials, reinforcements and coatings. Properties and performance: The results of testing, predictive models, and in-service evaluation of a wide range of materials are published, providing the reader with extensive properties data for reference. Analysis and design: Frequency reports on these subjects inform the reader of analytical techniques, design processes and the many design options available in materials composition. Processing and fabrication: There is increased interest among materials engineers in cost-effective processing. Applications: Reports on new materials R&D are often related to the service requirements of specific application areas, such as automotive, marine, construction and aviation. Reports on special topics are regularly included such as recycling, environmental effects, novel materials, computer-aided design, predictive modelling, and "smart" composite materials. "The articles in the Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Products are must reading for engineers in industry and for researchers working on leading edge problems" Professor Emeritus Stephen W Tsai National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).