Polarforming for Wireless Communications: Modeling and Performance Analysis

Zijian Zhou, Jingze Ding, Chenbo Wang, Bingli Jiao, Rui Zhang
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Abstract

This paper presents, for the first time, the concept of \textit{polarforming} for wireless communications. Polarforming refers to a novel technique that enables dynamic adjustment of antenna polarization using reconfigurable polarized antennas (RPAs). It can fully leverage polarization diversity to improve the performance of wireless communication systems by aligning the effective polarization state of the incoming electromagnetic (EM) wave with the antenna polarization. To better demonstrate the benefits of polarforming, we propose a general RPA-aided system that allows for tunable antenna polarization. A wavefront-based channel model is developed to properly capture depolarization behaviors in both line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) channels. Based on this model, we provide a detailed description of transmit and receive polarforming on planes of polarization (PoPs). We also evaluate the performance gains provided by polarforming under stochastic channel conditions. Specifically, we derive a closed-form expression for the relative signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain compared to conventional fixed-polarization antenna (FPA) systems and approximate the cumulative distribution function (CDF) for the RPA system. Our analysis reveals that polarforming offers a diversity gain of two, indicating full utilization of polarization diversity for dual-polarized antennas. Furthermore, extensive simulation results validate the effectiveness of polarforming and exhibit substantial improvements over conventional FPA systems. The results also indicate that polarforming not only can combat depolarization effects caused by wireless channels but also can overcome channel correlation when scattering is insufficient.
无线通信的极化成形:建模与性能分析
本文首次提出了用于无线通信的极化(textit{polarforming})概念。极化成形指的是一种新技术,它能利用可重构极化天线(RPA)对天线极化进行动态调整。它能充分利用极化分集,通过使传入电磁波的有效极化状态与天线极化保持一致来提高无线通信系统的性能。为了更好地展示极化形成的优势,我们提出了一种允许可调天线极化的通用 RPA 辅助系统。我们开发了一个基于波前的信道模型,以正确捕捉视距(LoS)和非视距(NLoS)信道中的极化行为。基于该模型,我们对极化平面(PoPs)上的发送和接收极化进行了详细描述。我们还评估了极化格式在随机信道条件下带来的性能提升。具体来说,与传统的固定极化天线(FPA)系统相比,我们得出了信噪比(SNR)增益的闭式表达式,并对 RPA 系统的累积分布函数(CDF)进行了近似。我们的分析表明,极化可提供两个分集增益,表明双极化天线可充分利用极化分集。此外,扩展仿真结果验证了极化成形的有效性,并显示出与传统 FPA 系统相比的实质性改进。结果还表明,极化成形不仅能消除由无线信道引起的去极化效应,还能在散射不足时克服信道相关性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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