Artifice and animality in The Tempest: Imagining Caliban

Abstract

The article discusses William Shakespeare's Caliban in the context of early modern knowledge culture and its representation of the ‘monstrous’ in wonder cabinets and works of natural history. According to Stephano, Caliban is ‘a present for any emperor’ (2.2.69). This connects him to the real-life case of Pedro Gonsalvus, who became just such a ‘present’ given to the French king in 1547. His face and body overgrown with hair, Gonsalvus and subsequently his equally hirsute children became marvels at several European courts. Their case shows the same intermingling of artifice and animality that went into the creation of Caliban and shaped his afterlife in the theatre.