Bycatch mitigation for commonly caught shark species in the Gulf of Mexico reef bottom longline fishery

IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES
Halie B. O'Farrell, Elizabeth A. Babcock, Kevin J. McCarthy
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

The Gulf of Mexico (GOM) reef bottom longline fishery typically not only targets groupers and snappers but also interacts with 27 species of sharks, which are primarily discarded as bycatch. Slow growth, late maturity, and low fecundity in a landscape of increasing fishing pressure make sharks comparatively more susceptible to overfishing and endangered status than other fishes. The purpose of this study was to determine which gear and/or environmental variables best predict the shark catch per set for commonly caught shark species in the GOM reef bottom longline fishery.

Methods

We considered 12 commonly caught shark species that vary from the abundant Atlantic Sharpnose Shark Rhizoprionodon terraenovae to the critically endangered Scalloped Hammerhead Sphyrna lewini. Catch per set, effort, gear, and environmental data were taken from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service observer dataset for the GOM reef bottom longline fishery (2009–2017) and were used to fit generalized additive models. The Bayesian information criterion and 10-fold cross-validation were used to select the best set of variables that predicted catch per set to determine gear configurations, fisher activities, and environmental conditions contributing to higher shark catch per unit effort. We modeled each species individually, all species combined, and species grouped by similar ecology.

Result

Gear and fishing method variables were consistently included in the best predictive models across species and were the only potential basis for a single strategy that could decrease bycatch across all 12 species. Patterns of environmental variables were only consistent across species with similar ecology and habitat.

Conclusion

Sharks as a group should not be lumped together, as the effects of mitigation measures become confounded and directly managing trade-offs between species when minimizing bycatch becomes impossible. Focusing on gear rather than environmental variables is the best apparent option to potentially reduce shark catch per set across commonly caught species while minimizing trade-offs.

Abstract Image

墨西哥湾珊瑚礁底层延绳钓渔业中常见鲨鱼物种的混获缓解措施
目标 墨西哥湾(GOM)珊瑚礁底层延绳钓渔业通常不仅以石斑鱼和笛鲷为目标,而且还与 27 种鲨鱼互动,这些鲨鱼主要作为副渔获物被丢弃。在捕捞压力不断增加的情况下,鲨鱼生长缓慢、成熟晚、繁殖力低,因此与其他鱼类相比,鲨鱼更容易被过度捕捞而濒临灭绝。本研究的目的是确定哪些渔具和/或环境变量最能预测在 GOM 礁底延绳钓渔业中常见鲨鱼物种的每套渔获量。 方法 我们考虑了 12 种常捕获的鲨鱼物种,从丰富的大西洋尖吻鲨 Rhizoprionodon terraenovae 到极度濒危的扇形锤头鲨 Sphyrna lewini。每套渔获量、努力量、渔具和环境数据来自美国国家海洋和大气管理局国家海洋渔业服务局对 GOM 礁底延绳钓渔业的观测数据集(2009-2017 年),并用于拟合广义加性模型。贝叶斯信息准则和 10 倍交叉验证用于选择预测每套渔获量的最佳变量集,以确定导致鲨鱼单位努力量渔获量增加的渔具配置、渔民活动和环境条件。我们对每个鱼种单独建模,对所有鱼种合并建模,以及对按相似生态学分组的鱼种建模。 结果 渔具和捕捞方法变量始终包含在各物种的最佳预测模型中,并且是可减少所有 12 个物种副渔获物的单一策略的唯一潜在基础。环境变量的模式仅在生态和栖息地相似的物种之间保持一致。 结论 不应将鲨鱼作为一个群体混为一谈,因为减缓措施的效果会混淆,在最大限度减少混获 物时不可能直接管理物种之间的权衡。将重点放在渔具而不是环境变量上是最好的选择,这样有可能在最大程度减少权衡的同时减少常见捕捞物种的鲨鱼单次渔获量。
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来源期刊
Marine and Coastal Fisheries
Marine and Coastal Fisheries FISHERIES-MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
5.90%
发文量
40
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science publishes original and innovative research that synthesizes information on biological organization across spatial and temporal scales to promote ecologically sound fisheries science and management. This open-access, online journal published by the American Fisheries Society provides an international venue for studies of marine, coastal, and estuarine fisheries, with emphasis on species'' performance and responses to perturbations in their environment, and promotes the development of ecosystem-based fisheries science and management.
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