Bio sensing of phenylephrine hydrochloride in medicinal samples using Carbon-based flexible 4d bimetallic ZnO nanocomposite coated Glassy Carbon Electrode

Abstract

Our research is about the fabrication and characterization of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) nanocomposites and explored their practical application. We fabricated these nanocomposites using a wet-impregnation method, incorporating ten wt% of various 4d metals (2mol% of Sn, Ag, Cd, In, and Sb) co-doped bimetallic ZnO. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, UV–vis, and SEM with EDS analysis. The nanocomposites exhibited an optical bandgap similar to pure g-C₃N₄. SEM analyses uncovered an amorphous sheet-like morphology with embedded ZnO nanoparticles on the surface. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of g-C₃N₄ sheets and the wurtzite crystalline pattern of the ZnO nanoparticles. These nanocomposites were not just effective, but highly efficient in Phenylephrine hydrochloride detection and quantification at glassy carbon electrode, utilizing Sb/ZnO NPs and g-C₃N₄. We utilized cyclic voltametric and differential pulse voltammetry techniques in our explorations. According to the pH study results, the maximum peak current was measured at a pH of 7.0. Electrochemistry involves the usage of a comparable number of protons as well as electrons. The DPV approach was used to investigate the concentration change of PPHC. Actual samples, such as serum, urine, and commercial pharmaceuticals, were evaluated using the indicated electrode, demonstrating the practical relevance of our research.