Optimization of three-dimensional printing parameters for orthodontic applications.

Saro Atam, Cybelle L Pereira, Hammaad R Shah, Wei Hou, Wellington J Rody
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Abstract

Objectives: To determine the impact of build orientation, increased layer thickness, and dental crowding on the trueness of three-dimensional (3D)-printed models, and to evaluate how these parameters affect the fit of thermoformed appliances.

Materials and methods: Ninety-six dental models were printed horizontally and vertically on the building platform using different 3D-printing technologies: (1) a stereolithography (SLA) printer with layer thicknesses of 160 μm and 300 μm and (2) a digital light processing (DLP) printer with layer thicknesses of 100 μm and 200 μm. Each printed model was digitalized and superimposed on the corresponding source file using 3D rendering software, and deviations were quantified by the root mean square values. Subsequently, a total of 32 thermoformed appliances were fabricated on top of the most accurate 3D-printed models, and their fit was evaluated by digital superimposition and inspection by three blinded orthodontists. Paired t-tests were used to analyze the data.

Results: Significant differences (P < .05) between printing technologies used were identified for models printed horizontally, with the SLA system achieving better trueness, especially in crowded dentitions. No significant differences between technology were found when models were printed vertically. The highest values of deviation were recorded in appliances fabricated on top of DLP-printed models. The results of the qualitative evaluation indicated that appliances fabricated on top of SLA models outperformed the DLP-modeled appliances.

Conclusions: Three-dimensional printing with increased layer height seems to produce accurate working models for orthodontic applications.

优化正畸应用中的三维打印参数。
目的:确定构建方向、增加层厚度和牙齿拥挤对三维(3D)打印模型真实性的影响,并评估这些参数如何影响热成型器械的贴合度:使用不同的三维打印技术在建筑平台上水平和垂直打印了96个牙科模型:(1) 层厚分别为160微米和300微米的立体光刻(SLA)打印机;(2) 层厚分别为100微米和200微米的数字光处理(DLP)打印机。使用三维渲染软件将每个打印模型数字化并叠加到相应的源文件上,并通过均方根值对偏差进行量化。随后,在最精确的三维打印模型上制作了共 32 个热成型矫治器,并由三位盲人正畸医生通过数字叠加和检查对其密合度进行评估。采用配对 t 检验分析数据:结果:在水平打印模型时,所使用的打印技术之间存在显著差异(P < .05),SLA 系统的真实度更高,尤其是在拥挤的牙列中。垂直打印模型时,不同技术之间没有明显差异。在 DLP 打印模型上制作的矫治器偏差值最大。定性评估结果表明,在 SLA 模型上制作的矫治器优于 DLP 模型矫治器:结论:增加层高的三维打印似乎可以为正畸应用制作出精确的工作模型。
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