Annual improved maps to understand the complete evolution of 9 thousand lakes on the Tibetan plateau in 1991–2023

IF 10.6 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL
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Abstract

Rapid changes in the densely distributed lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) reflect the responses of terrestrial water resources to climate change. Timely and accurate monitoring of lake dynamics is essential for formulating adaptation strategies to manage water and protect public facility safety sustainably. Interfered by the numerous glaciers and snow mountains and limited by the acquisition and computing capacities of massive satellite data, annual inventories of all the lakes ranging from mini to large on the TP are still lacking. Here, we annually mapped these lake areas using all the Landsat imagery, a robust algorithm for detecting surface water according to multiple spectral indices, and Google Earth Engine. We further proposed an effective approach for accurately identifying the glaciers, snow, and mountain shadows in satellite imagery by introducing the characteristics of image luminosity and terrain slope, and removing their data noise remained in the lake maps to generate an annual precise dataset (Lake_TP) of the approximately 9,000 lakes over 0.1 km2 on the TP during 1991–2023. We revealed a rapid expansion of lakes with significant spatial heterogeneity, with 6,590 newly increased and 2,851 disappeared lakes found. The total lake areas (554.1 km2/yr) and numbers (77.9/yr) continuously and significantly increased in the period. The growth in lake numbers dominated by small lakes mainly happened before 2005, while the increases in lake areas dominated by large lakes lasted the whole period after 1995. The most significant increases in lake areas and numbers happened in the north of the Inner Basin and Yangtze, the hotspot of lake changes identified in the study. The dataset is expected to promote our understanding of the complete lake evolution process and the dynamic response of the cryosphere to the changing climate. The method proposed is also applicable to continuously monitoring the dynamics of lakes with higher accuracies in other alpine regions around the world. The Lake_TP dataset is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10686952 (Zhou et al. 2024).

1991-2023 年青藏高原 9000 个湖泊完整演变的年度改进地图
青藏高原湖泊分布密集,其快速变化反映了陆地水资源对气候变化的反应。及时、准确地监测湖泊动态,对于制定可持续水资源管理和保护公共设施安全的适应战略至关重要。受众多冰川和雪山的干扰,以及海量卫星数据采集和计算能力的限制,目前仍然缺乏对TP上所有大小湖泊的年度清单。在此,我们利用所有陆地卫星图像、根据多种光谱指数检测地表水的稳健算法和谷歌地球引擎,对这些湖泊区域进行了年度测绘。我们进一步提出了一种有效的方法,通过引入图像亮度和地形坡度特征,准确识别卫星图像中的冰川、积雪和山影,并去除湖泊地图中残留的数据噪声,生成了 1991-2023 年期间大洋洲上面积超过 0.1 平方公里的约 9,000 个湖泊的年度精确数据集(Lake_TP)。我们发现湖泊面积迅速扩大,空间异质性显著,新增加了 6590 个湖泊,消失了 2851 个湖泊。在此期间,湖泊总面积(554.1 平方公里/年)和数量(77.9 个/年)持续显著增加。以小型湖泊为主的湖泊数量增长主要发生在 2005 年之前,而以大型湖泊为主的湖泊面积增长则持续了 1995 年之后的整个时期。湖泊面积和数量增加最明显的地区是内流域和长江以北地区,这也是本研究确定的湖泊变化热点地区。该数据集有望促进我们了解完整的湖泊演变过程以及冰冻圈对气候变化的动态响应。所提出的方法也适用于在全球其他高寒地区以更高的精度持续监测湖泊的动态变化。Lake_TP 数据集可在 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10686952(Zhou et al. 2024)上公开获取。
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来源期刊
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 工程技术-成像科学与照相技术
CiteScore
21.00
自引率
6.30%
发文量
273
审稿时长
40 days
期刊介绍: The ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (P&RS) serves as the official journal of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS). It acts as a platform for scientists and professionals worldwide who are involved in various disciplines that utilize photogrammetry, remote sensing, spatial information systems, computer vision, and related fields. The journal aims to facilitate communication and dissemination of advancements in these disciplines, while also acting as a comprehensive source of reference and archive. P&RS endeavors to publish high-quality, peer-reviewed research papers that are preferably original and have not been published before. These papers can cover scientific/research, technological development, or application/practical aspects. Additionally, the journal welcomes papers that are based on presentations from ISPRS meetings, as long as they are considered significant contributions to the aforementioned fields. In particular, P&RS encourages the submission of papers that are of broad scientific interest, showcase innovative applications (especially in emerging fields), have an interdisciplinary focus, discuss topics that have received limited attention in P&RS or related journals, or explore new directions in scientific or professional realms. It is preferred that theoretical papers include practical applications, while papers focusing on systems and applications should include a theoretical background.
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