Paleoenvironmental factors controlling organic-rich formations deposition in the Babouri-Figuil Basin (Northern Cameroon)

IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS
William Gaspard Owona Manga , Carolina Fonseca , Moise Bessong , Noelia Franco , Antonio Donizeti de Oliveira , Arsène Meying , Marie Diane Tonye , João Graciano Mendonça Filho
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The Babouri-Figuil Basin is an intracratonic basin (half-graben) in northern Cameroon that is genetically connected to the Benue Trough from Nigeria, and is an area of interest in terms of petroleum prospectivity. Recent studies highlighted the presence of organic-rich formations in the basin. However, none of these works have identified factors that governed the accumulation of organic matter (OM) in the sediments. The main objective of this work is the characterization of these formations through palynofacies and organic geochemical techniques (total organic carbon - TOC, total sulfur, insoluble residue and biomarkers), in order to determine the organic facies, their depositional environments and the main drivers for organic enrichment in the basin. The current study reveals that black shale and massive claystone lithologies constitute the main organic-rich formations in the basin, with TOC reaching up to 26.08 wt%, being characterized by a dominance of bacterially-derived amorphous OM. Palynofacies and biomarker data revealed that these formations are positively associated with anoxic conditions and a partly highly saline and stratified lake water column. The deposition of organic-rich formations in the Babouri-Figuil Basin was mainly controlled by restriction conditions which developed in connection with the regional tectonic framework. The Lower Cretaceous rifting episode in the West and Central African Rift System (WCARS) basins led to the formation of accommodation space, a reduction in water levels, and the development of anoxic conditions within the basin, facilitating the deposition of organic-rich formations. Therefore, the organic enrichment of the Babouri-Figuil Basin has been predominantly controlled by its tectonic evolution, particularly during the syn-rift phase. This phase created favorable conditions for the deposition and preservation of OM, including the establishment of anoxic conditions. Additionally, the paleoclimate (arid conditions), the development of bacterial biomass, and the basin's paleogeography all played a significant role in this process. The organic-rich formations of the Babouri-Figuil Basin show characteristics of prospective petroleum source rocks (high organic content, high proportion of oil-prone kerogen, significant thickness and lateral extension). The combination of organic-rich formations with sandstone deposits above and extensive claystone/shale deposits on top can indicate the presence of an oil play in the basin. A detailed study with broader sampling is needed to investigate thoroughly the variation of organic facies and the influence of paleoenvironmental factors that control the deposition of thick source rock intervals.

控制巴布里-菲吉尔盆地(喀麦隆北部)富含有机质地层沉积的古环境因素
Babouri-Figuil 盆地是喀麦隆北部的一个地壳内盆地(半地堑),与尼日利亚的贝努埃海槽在基因上相连,是一个具有石油勘探价值的地区。最近的研究突出表明,该盆地存在富含有机质的地层。然而,这些研究都没有确定沉积物中有机物(OM)积累的因素。这项工作的主要目的是通过古动物群系和有机地球化学技术(总有机碳-TOC、总硫、不溶性残留物和生物标志物)确定这些地层的特征,从而确定盆地中的有机层系、沉积环境和有机物富集的主要驱动因素。目前的研究显示,黑页岩和块状粘土岩构成了盆地中富含有机质的主要岩层,总有机碳含量高达 26.08 wt%,其特点是以细菌衍生的无定形有机质为主。古乐彩网学和生物标志物数据显示,这些地层与缺氧条件以及部分高盐度和分层的湖泊水体呈正相关。巴布里-菲吉勒盆地富含有机质地层的沉积主要受与区域构造框架相关的限制条件控制。西部和中部非洲裂谷系统(WCARS)盆地的下白垩世断裂事件导致形成了容纳空间、水位下降以及盆地内缺氧条件的发展,促进了富含有机质地层的沉积。因此,巴布里-菲吉勒盆地的有机质富集主要受其构造演化的控制,尤其是在漂移阶段。这一阶段为有机质的沉积和保存创造了有利条件,包括缺氧条件的形成。此外,古气候(干旱条件)、细菌生物量的发展以及盆地的古地理环境都在这一过程中发挥了重要作用。巴布里-菲吉勒盆地富含有机质的地层显示出潜在石油源岩的特征(有机质含量高、易生油的角质比例高、厚度大且横向延伸)。富含有机质的地层上部为砂岩沉积,上部为大面积粘土岩/页岩沉积,这两种地层的结合表明该盆地存在石油开采区。需要进行更广泛取样的详细研究,以彻底调查有机层的变化以及控制厚源岩沉积的古环境因素的影响。
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来源期刊
International Journal of Coal Geology
International Journal of Coal Geology 工程技术-地球科学综合
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
14.30%
发文量
145
审稿时长
38 days
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Coal Geology deals with fundamental and applied aspects of the geology and petrology of coal, oil/gas source rocks and shale gas resources. The journal aims to advance the exploration, exploitation and utilization of these resources, and to stimulate environmental awareness as well as advancement of engineering for effective resource management.
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