Changing source waters on the Northeast US Continental Shelf: Variation in nutrient supply and phytoplankton biomass

IF 2.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY
Kevin D. Friedland , Paula Fratantoni , Adrienne Silver , Damian C. Brady , Avijit Gangopadhyay , Scott I. Large , Ryan E. Morse , David W. Townsend , Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs , D. Christopher Melrose
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Abstract

The Northeast US Continental Shelf (NES) is a highly productive marine ecosystem that has experienced wide swings in phytoplankton chlorophyll concentration (CHL). To better understand this variability, we examined changes in CHL over the period 1998–2022, while also considering three indicators of the potential supply of nutrient source waters including cross-shelf advection via deep channels, transport from beyond the shelf edge via Gulf Stream warm core rings (WCR), and input from river and estuarine discharge. Traditionally, deep channel advection of water across the NES was assumed to be derived from Labrador Slope Water (LSW) and Warm Slope Water (WSW). These designations do not fully capture the range of water types contributing to cross-shelf advection. The contribution of LSW and WSW was reciprocal over time, with the presence of WSW at an increased level in recent years. There has been an increase in the number of WCRs off the NES represented by indices of ring occupancy. Precipitation increased over the study period as well, generally over the NES region and in particular in the Mid-Atlantic Bight drainage. We see evidence of the effect of increased precipitation on the NES proper through a change in the area of the ocean surface having 555 nm reflectance with sr−1 > 0.004. Using a canonical analysis, CHL correlated positively with the proportion of LSW and negatively with WSW. These correlations suggest there are aspects of the nutrient content associated with these water masses that are key to phytoplankton growth. WCR frequency negatively correlated with CHL, which was expected since the nutrient loadings of WCRs tends to be low. Finally, CHL negatively correlated with precipitation rate, which suggests terrestrial origin nutrient inputs to the NES are minor. We suggest that in order to understand future CHL dynamics in the NES, careful consideration of advective sources of nutrients in the Northwest Atlantic is necessary.

美国东北部大陆架不断变化的源水:营养供应和浮游植物生物量的变化
美国东北部大陆架(NES)是一个高产的海洋生态系统,浮游植物叶绿素浓度(CHL)变化很大。为了更好地理解这种变化,我们研究了 1998-2022 年期间 CHL 的变化,同时还考虑了营养源水潜在供应的三个指标,包括通过深层通道的跨大陆架平流、通过湾流暖核环(WCR)从大陆架边缘以外传输以及河流和河口排放的输入。传统上,穿越 NES 的深层水道平流被假定为来自拉布拉多斜坡水 (LSW) 和暖坡水 (WSW)。这些命名并不能完全反映有助于跨大陆架平流的水类型范围。随着时间的推移,LSW 和 WSW 的贡献是对等的,近年来 WSW 的存在水平有所提高。根据环流占有率指数,近海海域的 WCR 数量有所增加。在研究期间,降水量也有所增加,一般是在 NES 区域,特别是在中大西洋海湾流域。我们看到,降水增加对 NES 本身的影响是通过具有 555 nm 反射率(sr-1 >0.004)的海面面积的变化来体现的。通过典型分析,CHL 与 LSW 的比例呈正相关,而与 WSW 呈负相关。这些相关性表明,与这些水团相关的营养成分对浮游植物的生长至关重要。WCR 频率与 CHL 呈负相关,这在意料之中,因为 WCR 的营养负荷往往较低。最后,CHL 与降水率呈负相关,这表明源于陆地的营养物质对 NES 的输入很小。我们建议,为了了解未来 NES 的 CHL 动态,有必要仔细考虑西北大西洋营养物质的平流来源。
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来源期刊
Continental Shelf Research
Continental Shelf Research 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
4.30%
发文量
136
审稿时长
6.1 months
期刊介绍: Continental Shelf Research publishes articles dealing with the biological, chemical, geological and physical oceanography of the shallow marine environment, from coastal and estuarine waters out to the shelf break. The continental shelf is a critical environment within the land-ocean continuum, and many processes, functions and problems in the continental shelf are driven by terrestrial inputs transported through the rivers and estuaries to the coastal and continental shelf areas. Manuscripts that deal with these topics must make a clear link to the continental shelf. Examples of research areas include: Physical sedimentology and geomorphology Geochemistry of the coastal ocean (inorganic and organic) Marine environment and anthropogenic effects Interaction of physical dynamics with natural and manmade shoreline features Benthic, phytoplankton and zooplankton ecology Coastal water and sediment quality, and ecosystem health Benthic-pelagic coupling (physical and biogeochemical) Interactions between physical dynamics (waves, currents, mixing, etc.) and biogeochemical cycles Estuarine, coastal and shelf sea modelling and process studies.
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