Bunyavirus SFTSV nucleoprotein exploits TUFM-mediated mitophagy to impair antiviral innate immunity.

Wen-Kang Zhang, Jia-Min Yan, Min Chu, Bang Li, Xiao-Lan Gu, Ze-Zheng Jiang, Ze-Min Li, Pan-Pan Liu, Tian-Mei Yu, Chuan-Min Zhou, Xue-Jie Yu
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Abstract

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome is an emerging viral hemorrhagic fever caused by a tick-borne bunyavirus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), with a high case fatality. We previously found that SFTSV nucleoprotein (NP) induces macroautophagy/autophagy to facilitate virus replication. However, the role of NP in antagonizing host innate immunity remains unclear. Mitophagy, a selected form of autophagy, eliminates damaged mitochondria to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that SFTSV NP triggers mitophagy to degrade MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein), thereby blocking MAVS-mediated antiviral signaling to escape the host immune response. Mechanistically, SFTSV NP translocates to mitochondria by interacting with TUFM (Tu translation elongation factor, mitochondrial), and mediates mitochondrial sequestration into phagophores through interacting with LC3, thus inducing mitophagy. Notably, the N-terminal LC3-interacting region (LIR) motif of NP is essential for mitophagy induction. Collectively, our results demonstrated that SFTSV NP serves as a novel virulence factor, inducing TUFM-mediated mitophagy to degrade MAVS and evade the host immune response.Abbreviation: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACTB: actin beta; co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CQ: chloroquine; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; FCCP: carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HTNV: Hantan virus; IAV: influenza A virus; IFN: interferon; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membraneprotein 1; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associatedprotein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAVS: mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein; Mdivi-1: mitochondrial division inhibitor 1; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MT-CO2/COXII: mitochondrially encoded cytochrome C oxidase II; NP: nucleoprotein; NSs: nonstructural proteins; poly(I:C): polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid; RIGI: RNA sensor RIG-I; RLR: RIGI-like receptor; SFTSV: severe fever withthrombocytopenia syndrome virus; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infectiousdose; TIMM23: translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23; TOMM20:translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TUFM: Tu translation elongationfactor, mitochondrial.

布尼亚病毒 SFTSV 核蛋白利用 tufm 介导的有丝分裂损害抗病毒先天免疫。
严重发热伴血小板减少综合征是一种新出现的病毒性出血热,由蜱传布的布尼亚病毒--严重发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒(SFTSV)引起,病死率很高。我们先前发现,SFTSV 核蛋白(NP)诱导大自噬/自噬,以促进病毒复制。然而,NP在对抗宿主先天免疫方面的作用仍不清楚。线粒体吞噬是自噬的一种选择形式,可消除受损线粒体以维持线粒体平衡。在这里,我们证明了 SFTSV NP 触发有丝分裂以降解 MAVS(线粒体抗病毒信号蛋白),从而阻断 MAVS 介导的抗病毒信号转导以逃避宿主免疫反应。从机理上讲,SFTSV NP 通过与 TUFM(Tu 翻译伸长因子,线粒体)相互作用转位到线粒体,并通过与 LC3 相互作用介导线粒体固着到吞噬细胞中,从而诱导有丝分裂。值得注意的是,NP的N端LC3相互作用区(LIR)基序对诱导有丝分裂至关重要。总之,我们的研究结果表明,SFTSV NP 是一种新型毒力因子,它能诱导 TUFM 介导的有丝分裂,从而降解 MAVS 并逃避宿主的免疫反应。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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