Fungal elemental profiling unleashed through rapid laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).

IF 5 2区 生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY
mSystems Pub Date : 2024-09-17 Epub Date: 2024-08-27 DOI:10.1128/msystems.00919-24
Tomás A Rush, Ann M Wymore, Miguel Rodríguez, Sara Jawdy, Rytas J Vilgalys, Madhavi Z Martin, Hunter B Andrews
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Elemental profiling of fungal species as a phenotyping tool is an understudied topic and is typically performed to examine plant tissue or non-biological materials. Traditional analytical techniques such as inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) have been used to identify elemental profiles of fungi; however, these techniques can be cumbersome due to the difficulty of preparing samples. Additionally, the instruments used for these techniques can be expensive to procure and operate. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an alternative elemental analytical technique-one that is sensitive across the periodic table, easy to use on various sample types, and is cost-effective in both procurement and operation. LIBS has not been used on axenic filamentous fungal isolates grown in substrate media. In this work, as a proof of concept, we used LIBS on two genetically distinct fungal species grown on a nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor substrate media to determine whether robust elemental profiles can be detected and whether differences between the fungal isolates can be identified. Our results demonstrate a distinct correlation between fungal species and their elemental profile, regardless of the substrate media, as the same strains shared a similar uptake of carbon, zinc, phosphorus, manganese, and magnesium, which could play a vital role in their survival and propagation. Independently, each fungal species exhibited a unique elemental profile. This work demonstrates a unique and valuable approach to rapidly phenotype fungi through optical spectroscopy, and this approach can be critical in understanding these fungi's behavior and interactions with the environment.

Importance: Historically, ionomics, the elemental profiling of an organism or materials, has been used to understand the elemental composition in waste materials to identify and recycle heavy metals or rare earth elements, identify the soil composition in space exploration on the moon or Mars, or understand human disorders or disease. To our knowledge, ionomic profiling of microbes, particularly fungi, has not been investigated to answer applied and fundamental biological questions. The reason is that current ionomic analytical techniques can be laborious in sample preparation, fail to measure all potential elements accurately, are cost-prohibitive, or provide inconsistent results across replications. In our previous efforts, we explored whether laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) could be used in determining the elemental profiles of poplar tissue, which was successful. In this proof-of-concept endeavor, we undertook a transdisciplinary effort between applied and fundamental mycology and elemental analytical techniques to address the biological question of how LIBS can used for fungi grown axenically in a nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor environment.

通过快速激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)进行真菌元素分析。
作为一种表型工具,真菌物种的元素分析是一个研究不足的课题,通常是对植物组织或非生物材料进行检测。传统的分析技术,如电感耦合等离子体-光学发射光谱分析法(ICP-OES)和电感耦合等离子体-质谱分析法(ICP-MS),已被用于鉴定真菌的元素谱;然而,由于制备样品的困难,这些技术可能比较麻烦。此外,这些技术所使用的仪器采购和操作成本也很高。激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)是一种可供选择的元素分析技术--它对整个元素周期表都很敏感,易于在各种类型的样品上使用,而且在采购和操作方面都具有成本效益。LIBS 尚未用于在基质培养基中生长的轴丝真菌分离物。在这项工作中,作为概念验证,我们对生长在富营养和贫营养基质培养基上的两种基因不同的真菌物种使用了 LIBS,以确定是否能检测到稳健的元素谱,以及是否能识别真菌分离物之间的差异。我们的研究结果表明,无论基质介质如何,真菌种类与其元素特征之间都存在明显的相关性,因为相同的菌株对碳、锌、磷、锰和镁的吸收量相似,这可能对它们的生存和繁殖起着至关重要的作用。每种真菌都表现出独特的元素特征。这项工作展示了一种通过光学光谱快速对真菌进行表型的独特而有价值的方法,这种方法对于了解这些真菌的行为以及与环境的相互作用至关重要:从历史上看,离子组学,即对生物体或材料进行元素分析,一直被用于了解废料中的元素组成,以确定和回收重金属或稀土元素,确定月球或火星太空探索中的土壤成分,或了解人类失调或疾病。据我们所知,微生物(尤其是真菌)的离子组学分析还没有被研究用于回答应用和基础生物学问题。究其原因,目前的离子组分析技术在样品制备过程中可能很费力,无法准确测量所有潜在元素,成本高昂,或在不同重复中提供不一致的结果。在之前的工作中,我们探索了激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)是否可用于确定杨树组织的元素特征,并取得了成功。在这次概念验证工作中,我们在应用和基础真菌学以及元素分析技术之间进行了跨学科合作,以解决如何利用激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)测定在营养丰富和营养缺乏环境中轴向生长的真菌的生物学问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
mSystems
mSystems Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biochemistry
CiteScore
10.50
自引率
3.10%
发文量
308
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: mSystems™ will publish preeminent work that stems from applying technologies for high-throughput analyses to achieve insights into the metabolic and regulatory systems at the scale of both the single cell and microbial communities. The scope of mSystems™ encompasses all important biological and biochemical findings drawn from analyses of large data sets, as well as new computational approaches for deriving these insights. mSystems™ will welcome submissions from researchers who focus on the microbiome, genomics, metagenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, glycomics, bioinformatics, and computational microbiology. mSystems™ will provide streamlined decisions, while carrying on ASM''s tradition of rigorous peer review.
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