Active deformation in the central section of the East African Rift from tectonic, volcanic, and hydrologic processes: Observations from satellite geodesy

IF 2.2 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Kyle Dennis Murray , Cynthia J. Ebinger
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The East African Rift System (EARS) is an active continental rift zone that hosts a diverse range of processes that result in recent and ongoing crustal deformation. To analyze these processes, we used Sentinel-1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to complement the sparse GNSS velocity field with high resolution measurements of line-of-sight (LOS) deformation between 2015 and 2022. A broad survey approach was employed to detect new signals within the central section of the EARS, and to establish a baseline for future studies focused on tectonic, volcanic, and/or hydrologic deformation and change spanning geodetic time scales. With this regional approach, we were able to resolve signals varying over time-spans of a few weeks to several years that have magnitudes greater than ∼1 cm/yr. Our resulting deformation field shows a diverse range of signals related to the processes listed above as well as other unknown sources. This includes up to 8.5 cm/yr of groundwater-related subsidence in Nairobi, up to 70 cm of LOS displacement during the eruption of Nyiragongo in 2021, and steady uplift in the Manyara basin with a rate of 2.8 cm/yr. We update previously published InSAR measurements of Mount Suswa volcano, and the geothermal fields in Olkaria. We also show LOS change ranging between 2 and 5 mm/yr over a distances of approximately 200 km spanning the Kenya Rift with the greatest differential rates occurring south of Lake Turkana. More generally, our results highlight the ambiguity of relying solely on the sparse network of GNSS for studies such as those characterizing tectonic motion and rift opening. Such studies are likely missing many important signals and/or includes sites that are contaminated with signals unrelated to the target process.

从构造、火山和水文过程看东非大裂谷中段的活动变形:卫星大地测量观测
东非大裂谷系统(EARS)是一个活跃的大陆裂谷区,它承载着导致近期和当前地壳变形的各种过程。为了分析这些过程,我们利用哨兵-1干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR),在2015年至2022年期间对视距线(LOS)变形进行高分辨率测量,以补充稀疏的全球导航卫星系统速度场。我们采用了一种广泛的勘测方法,以探测 EARS 中心区域内的新信号,并为未来重点研究构造、火山和/或水文变形以及跨越大地测量时间尺度的变化建立基线。通过这种区域方法,我们能够分辨出时间跨度从几周到几年不等的信号,其幅度大于 1 厘米/年。我们得到的形变场显示了与上述过程以及其他未知来源有关的各种信号。这包括内罗毕与地下水有关的高达 8.5 厘米/年的下沉,2021 年尼拉贡戈火山爆发期间高达 70 厘米的 LOS 位移,以及马尼亚拉盆地以 2.8 厘米/年的速度持续上升。我们更新了之前发布的对苏斯瓦火山和奥尔卡里亚地热场的 InSAR 测量结果。我们还显示,在肯尼亚裂谷约 200 公里的范围内,LOS 的变化幅度为 2 至 5 毫米/年,最大的差异率出现在图尔卡纳湖以南。总体而言,我们的研究结果凸显了仅依靠稀疏的全球导航卫星系统网络进行研究(如确定构造运动和裂谷开口的特征)的模糊性。这类研究很可能遗漏了许多重要信号,和/或包括被与目标过程无关的信号污染的站点。
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来源期刊
Journal of African Earth Sciences
Journal of African Earth Sciences 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
4.30%
发文量
240
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of African Earth Sciences sees itself as the prime geological journal for all aspects of the Earth Sciences about the African plate. Papers dealing with peripheral areas are welcome if they demonstrate a tight link with Africa. The Journal publishes high quality, peer-reviewed scientific papers. It is devoted primarily to research papers but short communications relating to new developments of broad interest, reviews and book reviews will also be considered. Papers must have international appeal and should present work of more regional than local significance and dealing with well identified and justified scientific questions. Specialised technical papers, analytical or exploration reports must be avoided. Papers on applied geology should preferably be linked to such core disciplines and must be addressed to a more general geoscientific audience.
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