Identification of the mode of evolution in incomplete carbonate successions.

IF 2.3 Q2 ECOLOGY
Niklas Hohmann, Joël R Koelewijn, Peter Burgess, Emilia Jarochowska
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Abstract

Background: The fossil record provides the unique opportunity to observe evolution over millions of years, but is known to be incomplete. While incompleteness varies spatially and is hard to estimate for empirical sections, computer simulations of geological processes can be used to examine the effects of the incompleteness in silico. We combine simulations of different modes of evolution (stasis, (un)biased random walks) with deposition of carbonate platforms strata to examine how well the mode of evolution can be recovered from fossil time series, and how test results vary between different positions in the carbonate platform and multiple stratigraphic architectures generated by different sea level curves.

Results: Stratigraphic architecture and position along an onshore-offshore gradient has only a small influence on the mode of evolution recovered by statistical tests. For simulations of random walks, support for the correct mode decreases with time series length. Visual examination of trait evolution in lineages shows that rather than stratigraphic incompleteness, maximum hiatus duration determines how much fossil time series differ from the original evolutionary process. Gradual directional evolution is more susceptible to stratigraphic effects, turning it into punctuated evolution. In contrast, stasis remains unaffected.

Conclusions: • Fossil time series favor the recognition of both stasis and complex, punctuated modes of evolution. • Not stratigraphic incompleteness, but the presence of rare, prolonged gaps has the largest effect on trait evolution. This suggests that incomplete sections with regular hiatus frequency and durations can potentially preserve evolutionary history without major biases. Understanding external controls on stratigraphic architectures such as sea level fluctuations is crucial for distinguishing between stratigraphic effects and genuine evolutionary process.

Abstract Image

确定不完全碳酸盐岩演替的演化模式。
背景:化石记录为观察数百万年的进化提供了独一无二的机会,但众所周知,化石记录是不完整的。虽然不完整性在空间上各不相同,而且很难对经验部分进行估算,但地质过程的计算机模拟可用来研究不完整性在硅学上的影响。我们将不同演化模式(停滞、(无)偏向随机漫步)的模拟与碳酸盐平台地层的沉积结合起来,以检验从化石时间序列中恢复演化模式的程度,以及检验结果在碳酸盐平台的不同位置和由不同海平面曲线生成的多种地层结构之间有何差异:结果:地层结构和陆上-海上梯度位置对统计检验所恢复的演化模式影响很小。对于随机行走的模拟,正确模式的支持率随时间序列长度的增加而降低。对世系中性状演化的直观研究表明,最大间断持续时间决定了化石时间序列与原始演化过程的差异程度,而不是地层的不完整性。渐进的定向进化更容易受到地层的影响,从而变成点状进化。相比之下,停滞演化则不受影响:- 化石时间序列有利于认识停滞和复杂的点状进化模式。- 对性状演化影响最大的不是地层的不完整性,而是罕见的长时间间隙的存在。这表明,具有固定间断频率和持续时间的不完整地段有可能保存进化历史,而不会出现重大偏差。了解海平面波动等地层结构的外部控制因素对于区分地层效应和真正的进化过程至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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