Risk factors for early mortality following transcatheter edge-to-edge repair of mitral regurgitation.

Abstract

Background: While transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) with MitraClip is increasingly used, data on the risk stratification for assessing early mortality after this procedure are scarce.

Objective: This study aimed to assess early mortality and analyze the risk factors of early mortality among patients who underwent TEER.

Methods: Using the all-payer, nationally representative Nationwide Readmissions Database, our study included patients aged 18 years or older who had TEER between January 2017 and November 2020. We categorized the cohort into two groups depending on the occurrence of early mortality (death within 30 days after the procedure). Based on the ICD-10, we identified the trend of early mortality after TEER and further analyzed the risk factors associated with early mortality.

Results: A total of 15,931 patients who had TEER were included; 292 (1.8 %) with early mortality and 15,639 (98.2 %) without. There was a decreasing trend in early mortality from 2.8 % in the first quarter of 2017 to 1.2 % in the fourth quarter of 2020, but it was not statistically significant (p = 0.18). In multivariable analysis, the independent risk factors for early mortality were chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.57; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-2.22, p = 0.01), end-stage renal disease (aOR: 2.34; CI: 1.44-3.79, p < 0.01), chronic liver disease (aOR: 4.90; CI: 3.29-7.29, p < 0.01), coagulation disorder (aOR: 3.42; CI: 2.35-5.03, p < 0.01), systolic heart failure (aOR: 2.81; CI: 1.34-5.90, p < 0.01), diastolic heart failure (aOR: 2.69; CI: 1.24-5.84, p = 0.01) and unspecified heart failure (aOR: 3.23; CI: 1.49-7.01, p < 0.01). Among those who died during 30-day readmission following TEER, the most common cardiac cause and non-cardiac-cause of readmission were heart failure (18.2 %) and infection (26.6 %), respectively.

Conclusion: The early mortality following TEER was low at 1.8 %. The independent risk factors associated with early mortality were chronic kidney disease (including end-stage renal disease), chronic liver disease, coagulation disorder, and heart failure (both systolic and diastolic).