Host–parasitoid trophic webs in complex agricultural systems

IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY
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Abstract

The composition and dynamics of ecological communities are complex because of the presence of large numbers of organisms, belonging to many different species, each with their own evolutionary history, and their numerous interactions. The construction and analysis of trophic webs summarize interactions across trophic levels and link community structure to properties such as ecosystem services. We focus on agroecological communities, which may be simpler than natural communities but nonetheless present considerable challenges to describe and understand. We review the characteristics and study of communities comprised of plants, phytophagous insects, and insect parasitoids with particular regard to the maintenance of sustainable agroecological communities and ecosystem services, especially biological pest control. We are constrained to largely overlook other members of these communities, such as hyperparasitoids, predators, parasites, and microbes. We draw chiefly on recent literature while acknowledging the importance of many advances made during the immediately preceding decades. Trophic web construction and analysis can greatly improve the understanding of the role and impact of herbivores and natural enemies in agroecological communities and the various species interactions, such as apparent competition, which assists biocontrol strategies. The study of trophic webs also helps in predicting community ecology consequences of externally driven changes to agroecosystems.

复杂农业系统中的寄主-寄生虫营养网。
生态群落的组成和动态非常复杂,因为其中存在大量生物,这些生物分属许多不同的物种,每个物种都有自己的进化史,而且它们之间存在大量的相互作用。营养网的构建和分析总结了各营养级之间的相互作用,并将群落结构与生态系统服务等属性联系起来。我们将重点放在农业生态群落上,这些群落可能比自然群落简单,但在描述和理解方面却面临着相当大的挑战。我们回顾了由植物、植食性昆虫和昆虫寄生虫组成的群落的特征和研究,特别关注了可持续农业生态群落和生态系统服务的维护,尤其是生物害虫控制。我们在很大程度上忽视了这些群落的其他成员,如超寄生虫、捕食者、寄生虫和微生物。我们主要借鉴了近期的文献,同时也承认前几十年取得的许多进展的重要性。营养网的构建和分析可大大提高人们对食草动物和天敌在农业生态群落中的作用和影响以及各种物种相互作用(如明显的竞争)的认识,从而有助于生物防治策略的实施。营养网的研究还有助于预测外部因素对农业生态系统造成的变化对群落生态的影响。
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来源期刊
Current opinion in insect science
Current opinion in insect science BIOLOGYECOLOGYENTOMOLOGY-ECOLOGY
CiteScore
10.40
自引率
1.90%
发文量
113
期刊介绍: Current Opinion in Insect Science is a new systematic review journal that aims to provide specialists with a unique and educational platform to keep up–to–date with the expanding volume of information published in the field of Insect Science. As this is such a broad discipline, we have determined themed sections each of which is reviewed once a year. The following 11 areas are covered by Current Opinion in Insect Science. -Ecology -Insect genomics -Global Change Biology -Molecular Physiology (Including Immunity) -Pests and Resistance -Parasites, Parasitoids and Biological Control -Behavioural Ecology -Development and Regulation -Social Insects -Neuroscience -Vectors and Medical and Veterinary Entomology There is also a section that changes every year to reflect hot topics in the field. Section Editors, who are major authorities in their area, are appointed by the Editors of the journal. They divide their section into a number of topics, ensuring that the field is comprehensively covered and that all issues of current importance are emphasized. Section Editors commission articles from leading scientists on each topic that they have selected and the commissioned authors write short review articles in which they present recent developments in their subject, emphasizing the aspects that, in their opinion, are most important. In addition, they provide short annotations to the papers that they consider to be most interesting from all those published in their topic over the previous year.
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