Advancing the Use of Suction Lysimeters to Inform Soil Leaching and Remediation of PFAS Source Zones

IF 1.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 WATER RESOURCES
John L. Rayner, Amanda Lee, Stephen Corish, Simon Leake, Elise Bekele, Greg B. Davis
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Abstract

Porewater in soil vadose zones is an integrator of the fundamental processes governing the transport and partitioning of per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as they move from source zones to groundwater. Suction lysimeters are being advanced as a method to provide reliable and representative PFAS porewater samples, to inform PFAS leaching and for monitoring remedial approaches. We report outcomes of lysimeter investigations across 3 sites and 18 lysimeters within fine-textured soil profiles. Soil cores were recovered from the same locations, and PFAS concentrations in soils and lysimeter porewater were compared and compared with prior laboratory investigations. Variable concentration distributions with depth of PFAS in soils were found with a maximum sum of PFAS of ~56 mg/kg dominated by perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). The maximum sum of PFAS in porewater was 13.5 mg/L. Comparison across all collocated soil and porewater concentrations did not provide consistent trends. PFAS mass fractions within lysimeter porewater samples were much higher for most PFAS than mass fractions determined from laboratory investigations, but the fraction was lower for PFOS. The results indicate preferential recovery of individual shorter chain PFAS via leaching at lower liquid: soil ratios such as those experienced under suction during recovery of porewater by lysimeters. Suggestions are offered to advance the use of suction lysimeters in promoting porewater PFAS concentrations as an alternative for regulatory compliance, and in closing the gap between field and laboratory approaches. There is merit in using lysimeters at PFAS field sites with improvements and considerations embraced.

Abstract Image

推动使用抽吸溶样仪为土壤沥滤和修复全氟辛烷磺酸源区提供信息
在全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)从源区向地下水迁移的过程中,土壤滞留带的孔隙水是控制其迁移和分区的基本过程的整合器。吸式溶样仪作为一种提供可靠、有代表性的全氟辛烷磺酸孔隙水样本的方法正在得到推广,它可以为全氟辛烷磺酸的沥滤提供信息,并用于监测补救方法。我们报告了对 3 个地点和细粒度土壤剖面中 18 个溶样计进行调查的结果。我们从相同的地点采集了土芯,比较了土壤和溶样池孔隙水中的 PFAS 浓度,并与之前的实验室调查进行了对比。结果发现,土壤中全氟辛烷磺酸的浓度分布随深度而变化,全氟辛烷磺酸的最大浓度总和约为 56 毫克/千克,其中以全氟辛烷磺酸为主。孔隙水中全氟辛烷磺酸的最大含量为 13.5 毫克/升。对所有同位土壤和孔隙水浓度进行比较并未发现一致的趋势。溶样孔隙水样本中大多数全氟辛烷磺酸的质量分数远高于实验室调查确定的质量分数,但全氟辛烷磺酸的分数较低。结果表明,在较低的液体与土壤比率下,例如在溶液仪回收孔隙水过程中的抽吸条件下,单个较短链的全氟辛烷磺酸会优先通过沥滤回收。本报告提出了一些建议,以推动抽吸式溶胞仪的使用,提高孔隙水中 PFAS 的浓度,以此作为符合法规要求的替代方法,并缩小现场和实验室方法之间的差距。在全氟辛烷磺酸现场使用溶样仪有其优点,但需要改进和考虑。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
10.50%
发文量
60
审稿时长
>36 weeks
期刊介绍: Since its inception in 1981, Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation® has been a resource for researchers and practitioners in the field. It is a quarterly journal that offers the best in application oriented, peer-reviewed papers together with insightful articles from the practitioner''s perspective. Each issue features papers containing cutting-edge information on treatment technology, columns by industry experts, news briefs, and equipment news. GWMR plays a unique role in advancing the practice of the groundwater monitoring and remediation field by providing forward-thinking research with practical solutions.
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