Christopher P J Barty, J Martin Algots, Alexander J Amador, James C R Barty, Shawn M Betts, Marcelo A Casteñada, Matthew M Chu, Michael E Daley, Ricardo A De Luna Lopez, Derek A Diviak, Haytham H Effarah, Roberto Feliciano, Adan Garcia, Keith J Grabiel, Alex S Griffin, Frederic V Hartemann, Leslie Heid, Yoonwoo Hwang, Gennady Imeshev, Michael Jentschel, Christopher A Johnson, Kenneth W Kinosian, Agnese Lagzda, Russell J Lochrie, Michael W May, Everardo Molina, Christopher L Nagel, Henry J Nagel, Kyle R Peirce, Zachary R Peirce, Mauricio E Quiñonez, Ferenc Raksi, Kelanu Ranganath, Trevor Reutershan, Jimmie Salazar, Mitchell E Schneider, Michael W L Seggebruch, Joy Y Yang, Nathan H Yeung, Collette B Zapata, Luis E Zapata, Eric J Zepeda, Jingyuan Zhang
{"title":"Design, Construction, and Test of Compact, Distributed-Charge, X-Band Accelerator Systems that Enable Image-Guided, VHEE FLASH Radiotherapy.","authors":"Christopher P J Barty, J Martin Algots, Alexander J Amador, James C R Barty, Shawn M Betts, Marcelo A Casteñada, Matthew M Chu, Michael E Daley, Ricardo A De Luna Lopez, Derek A Diviak, Haytham H Effarah, Roberto Feliciano, Adan Garcia, Keith J Grabiel, Alex S Griffin, Frederic V Hartemann, Leslie Heid, Yoonwoo Hwang, Gennady Imeshev, Michael Jentschel, Christopher A Johnson, Kenneth W Kinosian, Agnese Lagzda, Russell J Lochrie, Michael W May, Everardo Molina, Christopher L Nagel, Henry J Nagel, Kyle R Peirce, Zachary R Peirce, Mauricio E Quiñonez, Ferenc Raksi, Kelanu Ranganath, Trevor Reutershan, Jimmie Salazar, Mitchell E Schneider, Michael W L Seggebruch, Joy Y Yang, Nathan H Yeung, Collette B Zapata, Luis E Zapata, Eric J Zepeda, Jingyuan Zhang","doi":"","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The design and optimization of laser-Compton x-ray systems based on compact distributed charge accelerator structures can enable micron-scale imaging of disease and the concomitant production of beams of Very High Energy Electrons (VHEEs) capable of producing FLASH-relevant dose rates. The physics of laser-Compton x-ray scattering ensures that the scattered x-rays follow exactly the trajectory of the incident electrons, thus providing a route to image-guided, VHEE FLASH radiotherapy. The keys to a compact architecture capable of producing both laser-Compton x-rays and VHEEs are the use of X-band RF accelerator structures which have been demonstrated to operate with over 100 MeV/m acceleration gradients. The operation of these structures in a distributed charge mode in which each radiofrequency (RF) cycle of the drive RF pulse is filled with a low-charge, high-brightness electron bunch is enabled by the illumination of a high-brightness photogun with a train of UV laser pulses synchronized to the frequency of the underlying accelerator system. The UV pulse trains are created by a patented pulse synthesis approach which utilizes the RF clock of the accelerator to phase and amplitude modulate a narrow band continuous wave (CW) seed laser. In this way it is possible to produce up to 10 μA of average beam current from the accelerator. Such high current from a compact accelerator enables production of sufficient x-rays via laser-Compton scattering for clinical imaging and does so from a machine of \"clinical\" footprint. At the same time, the production of 1000 or greater individual micro-bunches per RF pulse enables > 10 nC of charge to be produced in a macrobunch of < 100 ns. The design, construction, and test of the 100-MeV class prototype system in Irvine, CA is also presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":93888,"journal":{"name":"ArXiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11326425/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ArXiv","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The design and optimization of laser-Compton x-ray systems based on compact distributed charge accelerator structures can enable micron-scale imaging of disease and the concomitant production of beams of Very High Energy Electrons (VHEEs) capable of producing FLASH-relevant dose rates. The physics of laser-Compton x-ray scattering ensures that the scattered x-rays follow exactly the trajectory of the incident electrons, thus providing a route to image-guided, VHEE FLASH radiotherapy. The keys to a compact architecture capable of producing both laser-Compton x-rays and VHEEs are the use of X-band RF accelerator structures which have been demonstrated to operate with over 100 MeV/m acceleration gradients. The operation of these structures in a distributed charge mode in which each radiofrequency (RF) cycle of the drive RF pulse is filled with a low-charge, high-brightness electron bunch is enabled by the illumination of a high-brightness photogun with a train of UV laser pulses synchronized to the frequency of the underlying accelerator system. The UV pulse trains are created by a patented pulse synthesis approach which utilizes the RF clock of the accelerator to phase and amplitude modulate a narrow band continuous wave (CW) seed laser. In this way it is possible to produce up to 10 μA of average beam current from the accelerator. Such high current from a compact accelerator enables production of sufficient x-rays via laser-Compton scattering for clinical imaging and does so from a machine of "clinical" footprint. At the same time, the production of 1000 or greater individual micro-bunches per RF pulse enables > 10 nC of charge to be produced in a macrobunch of < 100 ns. The design, construction, and test of the 100-MeV class prototype system in Irvine, CA is also presented.