The Development of Epitope-Based Recombinant Protein Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.

IF 5 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Kanwal Khalid, Hui Xuan Lim, Jung Shan Hwang, Chit Laa Poh
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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause infections and deaths, which are attributable to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern (VOC). Moderna's response to the declining protective efficacies of current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against Omicron was to develop a bivalent booster vaccine based on the Spike (S) protein from the Wuhan and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 strains. This approach, while commendable, is unfeasible in light of rapidly emerging mutated viral strains. PubMed and Google Scholar were systematically reviewed for peer-reviewed papers up to January 2024. Articles included focused on specific themes such as the clinical history of recombinant protein vaccine development against different diseases, including COVID-19, the production of recombinant protein vaccines using different host expression systems, aspects to consider in recombinant protein vaccine development, and overcoming problems associated with large-scale recombinant protein vaccine production. In silico approaches to identify conserved and immunogenic epitopes could provide broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs but require validation in animal models. The recombinant protein vaccine development platform has shown a successful history in clinical development. Recombinant protein vaccines incorporating conserved epitopes may utilize a number of expression systems, such as yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), baculovirus-insect cells (Sf9 cells), and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Current multi-epitope subunit vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 utilizing synthetic peptides are unfeasible for large-scale immunizations. Recombinant protein vaccines based on conserved and immunogenic proteins produced using E. coli offer high production yields, convenient purification, and cost-effective production of large-scale vaccine quantities capable of protecting against the SARS-CoV-2 D614G strain and its VOCs.

Abstract Image

开发抗 SARS-CoV-2 的表位重组蛋白疫苗。
COVID-19 大流行继续造成感染和死亡,其原因是 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 变异体 (VOC)。针对目前 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗对 Omicron 的保护效力不断下降的情况,Moderna 开发了一种基于武汉株和 Omicron BA.4/BA.5 株的尖峰 (S) 蛋白的二价加强疫苗。这种方法虽然值得称赞,但在病毒毒株迅速变异的情况下并不可行。我们对 PubMed 和谷歌学术网站上截至 2024 年 1 月的同行评审论文进行了系统审查。收录的文章集中于特定主题,如针对不同疾病(包括 COVID-19)的重组蛋白疫苗开发的临床历史、使用不同宿主表达系统生产重组蛋白疫苗、重组蛋白疫苗开发中需要考虑的方面,以及克服与大规模重组蛋白疫苗生产相关的问题。确定保守和免疫原性表位的硅学方法可提供针对 SARS-CoV-2 VOCs 的广泛保护,但需要在动物模型中进行验证。重组蛋白疫苗开发平台在临床开发中取得了成功。包含保守表位的重组蛋白疫苗可利用多种表达系统,如酵母(酿酒酵母)、杆状病毒-昆虫细胞(Sf9 细胞)和大肠杆菌(大肠杆菌)。目前利用合成肽来预防 SARS-CoV-2 的多表位亚单位疫苗无法进行大规模免疫接种。利用大肠杆菌生产的基于保守和免疫原性蛋白的重组蛋白疫苗产量高、纯化方便,而且能以低成本、高效益的方式生产出大规模疫苗,能够有效预防 SARS-CoV-2 D614G 株及其 VOCs。
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来源期刊
AAPS Journal
AAPS Journal 医学-药学
CiteScore
7.80
自引率
4.40%
发文量
109
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The AAPS Journal, an official journal of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS), publishes novel and significant findings in the various areas of pharmaceutical sciences impacting human and veterinary therapeutics, including: · Drug Design and Discovery · Pharmaceutical Biotechnology · Biopharmaceutics, Formulation, and Drug Delivery · Metabolism and Transport · Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacometrics · Translational Research · Clinical Evaluations and Therapeutic Outcomes · Regulatory Science We invite submissions under the following article types: · Original Research Articles · Reviews and Mini-reviews · White Papers, Commentaries, and Editorials · Meeting Reports · Brief/Technical Reports and Rapid Communications · Regulatory Notes · Tutorials · Protocols in the Pharmaceutical Sciences In addition, The AAPS Journal publishes themes, organized by guest editors, which are focused on particular areas of current interest to our field.
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