Impact of split nitrogen applications on nitrate leaching and maize yield in irrigated loamy sand soils of Northeast Nebraska

IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY
Arshdeep Singh, Daran Rudnick, Daniel D. Snow, Christopher Proctor, Laila Puntel, Javed Iqbal
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Abstract

Little information is available on optimizing the number of nitrogen (N) splits based on nitrate (NO3-N) leaching and maize yield in sandy soils. To address this gap, we evaluated the impact of multiple N splits (2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-N splits) on NO3-N leaching and maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield in irrigated loamy sand soil at a producer site in the Bazile Groundwater Management Area of Northeast Nebraska. Porous suction cup lysimeters were installed at a depth of 120 cm to collect pore water samples from 23 leaching events in 2021, a dry year. Increasing the number of N-splits did not affect the pore-water NO3-N concentration; however, it was 169%, 152%, 150%, and 129% higher in 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-N split treatments compared to control, that is, without N application. Though the 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-N splits had 110%, 71%, 120%, and 91% higher area-based NO3-N leaching than the control, less deep percolation and more evapotranspiration in control led to no significant differences in area-based NO3-N leaching among all treatments. All N-splits resulted in higher maize yield, nitrogen use efficiency, plant N uptake, harvest index, and aboveground biomass than control; however, the number of N-splits did not affect these parameters. The inclusion of environmental cost reduced the return to nitrogen by 92–143 $ ha−1 across all N-split treatments but did not significantly affect the differences among the splits. Overall, the results indicate that increasing the number of N-splits does not provide agronomic, economic, and environmental benefits in irrigated maize fields during a dry year.

Abstract Image

内布拉斯加州东北部灌溉壤质砂土中分次施氮对硝酸盐沥滤和玉米产量的影响
关于根据硝酸盐(NO3-N)淋失和沙质土壤中玉米产量来优化氮(N)分配次数的信息很少。为了填补这一空白,我们在内布拉斯加州东北部巴兹尔地下水管理区的一个生产基地,评估了多种氮分施(2-、3-、4-和 5-N 分施)对灌溉壤质沙土中 NO3-N 沥滤和玉米(玉米)籽粒产量的影响。在 120 厘米深处安装了多孔吸盘溶样器,以收集 2021 年(干旱年)23 次沥滤事件的孔隙水样本。增加氮分施次数并未影响孔隙水 NO3-N 浓度;但与对照组(即不施氮)相比,2-、3-、4-和 5-N 分施处理的 NO3-N 浓度分别高出 169%、152%、150% 和 129%。虽然 2-、3-、4-和 5-N 分离处理的 NO3-N 沥滤面积分别比对照高出 110%、71%、120% 和 91%,但对照中较少的深层渗滤和较多的蒸腾作用导致所有处理的 NO3-N 沥滤面积没有显著差异。与对照相比,所有分氮肥处理的玉米产量、氮利用效率、植物氮吸收量、收获指数和地上生物量都更高;然而,分氮肥处理的次数并不影响这些参数。在所有氮肥分施处理中,环境成本的加入使氮肥回报率降低了 92-143 美元/公顷,但并未显著影响分施处理之间的差异。总之,研究结果表明,在干旱年份,增加分氮次数并不能为灌溉玉米田带来农艺、经济和环境效益。
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来源期刊
Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment
Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
2.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
80
审稿时长
24 weeks
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