Gene emrC Associated with Resistance to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Is Common among Listeria monocytogenes from Meat Products and Meat Processing Plants in Poland

Antibiotics Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI:10.3390/antibiotics13080749

Iwona Kawacka, Agnieszka Olejnik-Schmidt

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Abstract

(1) Background: L. monocytogenes is a food pathogen of great importance, characterized by a high mortality rate. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), such as benzalkonium chloride (BC), are often used as disinfectants in food processing facilities. The effectiveness of disinfection procedures is crucial to food safety. (2) Methods: A collection of 153 isolates of L. monocytogenes from meat processing industry was analyzed for their sensitivity to BC using the agar diffusion method. Genes of interest were detected with PCR. (3) Results: Genes emrC, bcrABC, and qacH were found in 64 (41.8%), 6 (3.9%), and 1 isolate (0.7%), respectively, and 79 isolates (51.6%) were classified as having reduced sensitivity to BC. A strong correlation between carrying QACs resistance-related genes and phenotype was found (p-value < 0.0001). Among 51 isolates originating from bacon (collected over 13 months), 48 had the emrC gene, which could explain their persistent presence in a processing facility. Isolates with the ilsA gene (from LIPI-3) were significantly (p-value 0.006) less likely to carry QACs resistance-related genes. (4) Conclusions: Reduced sensitivity to QACs is common among L. monocytogenes from the meat processing industry. Persistent presence of these bacteria in a processing facility is presumably caused by emrC-induced QACs resistance.

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波兰肉制品和肉类加工厂中常见的单核细胞增生李斯特菌含有对季铵盐化合物具有抗性的基因 emrC

(1) 背景：单核细胞增多性酵母菌是一种非常重要的食品病原体，其特点是死亡率高。在食品加工设施中，苯扎氯铵（BC）等季铵化合物（QAC）经常被用作消毒剂。消毒程序的有效性对食品安全至关重要。(2) 方法：采用琼脂扩散法分析了肉类加工业中分离出的 153 株单核细胞增多症杆菌对 BC 的敏感性。用 PCR 检测相关基因。(3) 结果：分别在 64 个（41.8%）、6 个（3.9%）和 1 个分离物（0.7%）中发现了 emrC、bcrABC 和 qacH 基因，79 个分离物（51.6%）被归类为对 BC 的敏感性降低。发现携带 QACs 抗性相关基因与表型之间存在很强的相关性（p 值小于 0.0001）。在 51 个来自腌肉的分离物中（收集时间超过 13 个月），48 个带有 emrC 基因，这可能是它们在加工设施中持续存在的原因。带有 ilsA 基因的分离物（来自 LIPI-3）携带 QACs 抗性相关基因的可能性明显较低（p 值为 0.006）。(4) 结论：肉类加工业中的单核细胞增多性乳酸杆菌普遍对 QACs 的敏感性降低。这些细菌在加工设施中的持续存在可能是由 emrC 诱导的 QACs 抗性造成的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Antibiotics

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