Vitis species for stress tolerance/resistance

Abstract

Many wild plant species are actually true treasures of our world. The value of these treasures is better understood today and many wild species are used for different purposes. Also Vitis species are among the most important species with their ancient history. China and North America are the native ranges of many Vitis species that survive to the present day, most of which have survived by natural selection. These species have attracted the attention of plant breeders for many years due to their resistance to various biotic and abiotic stress conditions, and they have used these species to develop new cultivars. In parallel with the developments in the field of biotechnology, interspecific hybrid genotypes obtained in breeding research for resistance to different stress conditions can be obtained in accordance with the targets in a much shorter time. In these investigations, gene regions in Vitis species with resistance genes were transferred to new hybrid genotypes. Additionally, these species have been used as parents in many breeding programs in different countries due to their resistance to biotic stress conditions, especially fungal diseases. Similar breeding research has been carried out on tolerance to abiotic stress conditions, and interspecific cross-breeding have been made to develop hybrid genotypes that are more tolerant to many abiotic stress conditions. In recent years, resistance and high-quality wine and table grape cultivars obtained from rossbreeding have begun to be used in production. As a result, newly developed interspecific hybrid grapes can be grown with much lower production costs in accordance with the sustainable viticulture model.