Efficiency of Physiotherapy Interventions in the Treatment of Dizziness & Balance Disorders: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Vestibular disorders including conditions such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), vestibular neuritis and Meniere’s disease, bilateral vestibular hypofunction, central vestibular disorders are common causes of vertigo, dizziness and imbalance. These disorders can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life leading to functional impairment and increased risk of falls. Vestibular rehabilitation aims to promote central nervous system adaptation and compensation mechanism to decrease symptoms and improve functional outcomes. Physiotherapy interventions with Vestibular rehabilitation programs typically include a combination of gaze stabilization exercises, habituation exercises, balance training, and manual therapy techniques are tailored to address specific vestibular impairments. Despite the widespread adoption of Vestibular rehabilitation in clinical practice, the evidence supporting the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in vestibular rehabilitation remains varied. This review will provide insights into the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions protocols in the treatment of vestibular and balance disorders. Additionally, it will explore factors influencing treatment outcomes such as patient characteristics, treatment adherence and duration of intervention. Key words: “peripheral vestibular rehabilitation”, “vestibular rehabilitation”, “habituation exercises”, “gaze stabilization exercises”, “balance training”, “dizziness disorder” “balance disorder”.