Impact of tropical waves on extreme rainfall events during coastal El Niño

V. Mayta, Qiao‐Jun Lin, A. Adames-corraliza, Erika Chavez-Mayta
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Abstract

We examine the relationship between convectively coupled waves (CCWs), the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), and extreme precipitation over the western coast of South America during Coastal El Niño (COEN) events for the period spanning 1980 to 2023. Two types of COEN can be distinguished: (i) that occur in association with large-scale ENSO (e.g., 1982/83, 1997/98), and (ii) more ``local" COEN--when anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) take place over the far-eastern equatorial Pacific only (e.g., 2017, 2023). During both types of COEN events, increased rainfall along the western coast of South America is associated with intense Kelvin wave activity. In addition, westward inertio-gravity waves (WIGs), Rossby waves, and the MJO exhibit increased activity during local COEN events. During the recent extreme Coastal El Niño 2017 and 2023, heavy rainfall occurred alongside significant WIGs, Kelvin, Rossby, and MJO events with unprecedented amplitudes propagating along western South America. Our results suggest that the probability of extreme precipitation under Coastal ENSO in western South America is strongly modulated by wave activity.
热带波对沿海厄尔尼诺期间极端降雨事件的影响
我们研究了对流耦合波(CCWs)、马登-朱利安涛动(MJO)和1980年至2023年沿海厄尔尼诺(COEN)事件期间南美洲西海岸极端降水之间的关系。沿海厄尔尼诺现象可分为两类:(i) 与大尺度厄尔尼诺/南方涛动(如 1982/83 年、1997/98 年)同时发生的沿海厄尔尼诺现象;(ii) 更 "本地化 "的沿海厄尔尼诺现象--即仅在远东赤道太平洋海面温度(SST)异常时发生的沿海厄尔尼诺现象(如 2017 年、2023 年)。在这两种 COEN 事件期间,南美洲西海岸的降雨量增加与强烈的开尔文波活动有关。此外,在局部 COEN 事件期间,西向惯性重力波(WIG)、罗斯比波和 MJO 的活动也会增加。在最近的 2017 年和 2023 年极端沿海厄尔尼诺现象期间,在出现暴雨的同时,南美洲西部还发生了波幅空前的重大 WIGs、开尔文波、罗斯比波和 MJO 事件。我们的研究结果表明,南美洲西部沿海厄尔尼诺/南方涛动条件下的极端降水概率受到波浪活动的强烈调节。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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